Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Observational studies have shown that individual sleep traits habits are potential risk factors for major depression. However, it is not known whether there is a causal relationship between individual sleep traits habits such as continuous sleep duration, short sleep duration, short sleep duration, insomnia, nap during the day, snoring, and major depression. In this study, Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to predict major depressive disorder (MDD) in individuals sleep traits habits.
METHODS: Data were obtained from the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Nine MR analysis methods were used: Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) [fixed effects/multiplicative random effects], simple mode, simple mode, weighted mode, simple median, weighted median, penalised weighted median, and MR-Egger, MR Egger (bootstrap). IVW was used as the main analysis method for the MR analysis of two samples, and the other methods were used as supplements.
RESULTS: The results obtained through the IVW method supported a causal relationship between sleep duration and decreased risk of MDD (odds ratio, ORivw: 0.998; 95 % CI: 0.996-0.999, P<0.001). Two-Sample MR, results showed that short sleep duration has a causal effect on the increased risk of MDD (odds ratio, ORivw: 1.179; 95 % CI: 1.108-1.255, P<0.001). However, there were no sufficient evidence supported that long sleep duration has a causal effect on the decreased risk of MDD (odds ratio, ORivw: 0.991; 95 % CI: 0.924-1.062, P = 0.793). A significant causal relationship between insomnia and increased risk of MDD was observed (OR: 1.233; 95 % CI: 1.214-1.253, P<0.001). Interestingly, our study also found that daytime napping has a causal effect on the increased risk of MDD (odds ratio, ORivw: 1.519; 95 % CI: 1.376-1.678, P<0.001). The present results did not show a significant causal relationship between snoring and the risk of MDD (ORivw: 1.000; 95 % CI: 0.998-1.002, P = 0.906). Obstructive sleep apnea (odds ratio, ORivw: 1.021; 95 % CI: 0.972-1.072, P = 0.407) and morning person (odds ratio, ORivw: 1.021; 95 % CI: 0.972-1.072, P = 0.407) have no causal effect on the increased risk of MDD.
CONCLUSIONS: The study could not ascertain whether there were genetic differences among different ethnicities, nations, and regions, as it only included participants of European ancestry.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our research provides genetic evidence for the relationship between individual sleep traits (short sleep duration, insomnia, daytime napping) and the increased risk of MDD. Interventions targeting lifestyle factors may reduce the risk of MDD.
METHODS: Data were obtained from the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Nine MR analysis methods were used: Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) [fixed effects/multiplicative random effects], simple mode, simple mode, weighted mode, simple median, weighted median, penalised weighted median, and MR-Egger, MR Egger (bootstrap). IVW was used as the main analysis method for the MR analysis of two samples, and the other methods were used as supplements.
RESULTS: The results obtained through the IVW method supported a causal relationship between sleep duration and decreased risk of MDD (odds ratio, ORivw: 0.998; 95 % CI: 0.996-0.999, P<0.001). Two-Sample MR, results showed that short sleep duration has a causal effect on the increased risk of MDD (odds ratio, ORivw: 1.179; 95 % CI: 1.108-1.255, P<0.001). However, there were no sufficient evidence supported that long sleep duration has a causal effect on the decreased risk of MDD (odds ratio, ORivw: 0.991; 95 % CI: 0.924-1.062, P = 0.793). A significant causal relationship between insomnia and increased risk of MDD was observed (OR: 1.233; 95 % CI: 1.214-1.253, P<0.001). Interestingly, our study also found that daytime napping has a causal effect on the increased risk of MDD (odds ratio, ORivw: 1.519; 95 % CI: 1.376-1.678, P<0.001). The present results did not show a significant causal relationship between snoring and the risk of MDD (ORivw: 1.000; 95 % CI: 0.998-1.002, P = 0.906). Obstructive sleep apnea (odds ratio, ORivw: 1.021; 95 % CI: 0.972-1.072, P = 0.407) and morning person (odds ratio, ORivw: 1.021; 95 % CI: 0.972-1.072, P = 0.407) have no causal effect on the increased risk of MDD.
CONCLUSIONS: The study could not ascertain whether there were genetic differences among different ethnicities, nations, and regions, as it only included participants of European ancestry.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our research provides genetic evidence for the relationship between individual sleep traits (short sleep duration, insomnia, daytime napping) and the increased risk of MDD. Interventions targeting lifestyle factors may reduce the risk of MDD.
摘要：
背景：观察性研究表明，个体睡眠特征习惯是重度抑郁症的潜在危险因素。然而,尚不清楚是否存在诸如连续睡眠持续时间等个体睡眠特征习惯之间的因果关系,睡眠时间短,睡眠时间短,失眠,白天午睡，打鼾,和严重的抑郁症。在这项研究中,孟德尔随机化（MR）用于预测个体睡眠特征习惯中的重度抑郁症（MDD）。
方法：数据来自全基因组关联研究（GWAS）。使用了九种MR分析方法：逆方差加权（IVW）[固定效应/乘法随机效应]，简单模式，简单模式，加权模式，简单中位数，加权中位数，惩罚加权中位数，和MR-Egger,MREgger（引导）。IVW作为两种样品的MR分析的主要分析方法，其他方法用作补充剂。
结果：通过IVW方法获得的结果支持睡眠持续时间与MDD风险降低之间的因果关系（优势比，ORivw：0.998；95%CI：0.996-0.999，P<0.001）。两样MR,结果表明，短睡眠时间对MDD风险增加有因果关系(比值比，ORivw：1.179；95%CI：1.108-1.255，P<0.001）。然而,没有足够的证据支持长时间睡眠对MDD风险降低有因果关系(优势比，ORivw：0.991；95%CI：0.924-1.062，P=0.793）。观察到失眠与MDD风险增加之间存在显着因果关系（OR：1.233；95％CI：1.214-1.253，P<0.001）。有趣的是,我们的研究还发现，白天午睡对MDD风险增加有因果关系(赔率比，ORivw：1.519；95%CI：1.376-1.678，P<0.001）。目前的结果没有显示打鼾与MDD风险之间的显著因果关系(ORivw:1.000;95%CI:0.998-1.002,P=0.906)。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(赔率比，ORivw：1.021；95%CI：0.972-1.072，P=0.407）和早晨人（赔率比，ORivw：1.021；95％CI：0.972-1.072，P=0.407）对MDD风险增加没有因果关系。
结论：该研究无法确定不同种族之间是否存在遗传差异，国家,和地区，因为它只包括欧洲血统的参与者。
结论：总之，我们的研究为个体睡眠特征(短睡眠时间，失眠,白天打盹）和MDD风险增加。针对生活方式因素的干预措施可能会降低MDD的风险。
方法：数据来自全基因组关联研究（GWAS）。使用了九种MR分析方法：逆方差加权（IVW）[固定效应/乘法随机效应]，简单模式，简单模式，加权模式，简单中位数，加权中位数，惩罚加权中位数，和MR-Egger,MREgger（引导）。IVW作为两种样品的MR分析的主要分析方法，其他方法用作补充剂。
结果：通过IVW方法获得的结果支持睡眠持续时间与MDD风险降低之间的因果关系（优势比，ORivw：0.998；95%CI：0.996-0.999，P<0.001）。两样MR,结果表明，短睡眠时间对MDD风险增加有因果关系(比值比，ORivw：1.179；95%CI：1.108-1.255，P<0.001）。然而,没有足够的证据支持长时间睡眠对MDD风险降低有因果关系(优势比，ORivw：0.991；95%CI：0.924-1.062，P=0.793）。观察到失眠与MDD风险增加之间存在显着因果关系（OR：1.233；95％CI：1.214-1.253，P<0.001）。有趣的是,我们的研究还发现，白天午睡对MDD风险增加有因果关系(赔率比，ORivw：1.519；95%CI：1.376-1.678，P<0.001）。目前的结果没有显示打鼾与MDD风险之间的显著因果关系(ORivw:1.000;95%CI:0.998-1.002,P=0.906)。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(赔率比，ORivw：1.021；95%CI：0.972-1.072，P=0.407）和早晨人（赔率比，ORivw：1.021；95％CI：0.972-1.072，P=0.407）对MDD风险增加没有因果关系。
结论：该研究无法确定不同种族之间是否存在遗传差异，国家,和地区，因为它只包括欧洲血统的参与者。
结论：总之，我们的研究为个体睡眠特征(短睡眠时间，失眠,白天打盹）和MDD风险增加。针对生活方式因素的干预措施可能会降低MDD的风险。
