Abstract：
Rapid urbanization and industrialization have resulted in diverse anthropogenic activities and emissions between urban and non-urban regions, leading to varying levels of exposure to air pollutants and associated health risks. However, endeavors to mitigate air pollution and health benefits have displayed considerable heterogeneity across different regions. Therefore, comprehending the changes in air pollutant concentrations and health impacts within an urbanization context is imperative for promoting environmental equity. This paper uses gross domestic product (GDP)- and population-weighted methods to distinguish anthropogenic emissions from urban and non-urban areas in China and quantified their contributions to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model in 2010 and 2019. Anthropogenic emissions from urban and non-urban (outside urban) regions decreased by 26 and 44% from 2010 to 2019, respectively, resulting in 31 and 28% reductions of PM2.5 in China. PM2.5-related premature mortality attributed to non-urban and urban anthropogenic emission decreases by 8%. Non-urban anthropogenic activities are the main contributor to PM2.5 (56% in 2010 and 2019) and its associated premature mortality (59%), which also predominantly affects non-urban premature mortality (37-42% in 2010-2019). Population changes increase the proportion of premature mortality in urban populations (7-19%) from 2010 to 2019. This study emphasizes the shift of affected populations due to urbanization and population changes.
摘要：
快速的城市化和工业化导致了城市和非城市地区之间不同的人为活动和排放，导致不同程度的暴露于空气污染物和相关的健康风险。然而,减轻空气污染和健康益处的努力在不同地区显示出相当大的异质性。因此,了解城市化背景下空气污染物浓度和健康影响的变化对于促进环境公平至关重要。本文使用国内生产总值（GDP）和人口加权方法来区分中国城市和非城市地区的人为排放，并使用社区多尺度空气质量（CMAQ）模型量化其对2010年和2019年的细颗粒物（PM2.5）的贡献。从2010年到2019年，城市和非城市（城市外）地区的人为排放量分别下降了26％和44％，导致中国PM2.5减少31%和28%。由非城市和城市人为排放引起的与PM2.5相关的过早死亡率下降了8％。非城市人为活动是PM2.5（2010年和2019年为56％）及其相关的过早死亡率（59％）的主要原因。这也主要影响非城市过早死亡率（2010-2019年为37-42%）。从2010年到2019年，人口变化增加了城市人口中过早死亡的比例（7-19％）。这项研究强调了城市化和人口变化导致的受影响人口的转移。
