Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Fungal skin diseases are common skin diseases with a heterogeneous distribution worldwide.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal trends in the burden of fungal skin diseases at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021.
METHODS: Based on the data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, we described the incident cases, prevalent cases, number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding age-standardised rates (ASRs) for fungal skin diseases in 1990 and 2021 by sex, age, socio-demographic index (SDI), 21 GBD regions, and 204 countries and territories. We used Joinpoint regression analysis to assess the temporal trends in burden of fungal skin diseases during 1990 to 2021. Spearman\'s rank test was used to analyse the relationship between disease burden and potential factors.
RESULTS: From 1990 to 2021, the incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs for fungal skin diseases worldwide increased by 67.93%, 67.73%, and 66.77%, respectively. Globally, the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardised prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardised DALYs rate (ASDR) for fungal skin diseases in 2021 were 21668.40 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 19601.19-23729.17), 7789.55 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 7059.28-8583.54), and 43.39 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 17.79-89.10), respectively. Between 1990 and 2021, the ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR for fungal skin diseases have modestly increased, with AAPC of 11.71% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.03%-12.39%), 19.24% (95% CI: 18.12%-20.36%), and 20.25% (95% CI: 19.33%-21.18%), respectively. Males experienced a higher burden of fungal skin diseases than females. The incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs for fungal skin diseases were highest at the age of 5-9, while the ASRs were highest among the elderly. At national level, the highest ASRs were observed in Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Mali. Overall, SDI was negatively correlated with the ASRs, whereas Global Land-Ocean Temperature Index (GLOTI) was remarkably positively correlated with the burden of fungal skin diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: Between 1990 and 2021, the global burden of fungal skin diseases has increased, causing a high disease burden worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped regions and among vulnerable population such as children and the elderly. With global warming and aging of the population, the burden of fungal skin diseases may continue to increase in the future. Targeted and specific measures should be taken to address these disparities and the ongoing burden of fungal skin diseases.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal trends in the burden of fungal skin diseases at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021.
METHODS: Based on the data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, we described the incident cases, prevalent cases, number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding age-standardised rates (ASRs) for fungal skin diseases in 1990 and 2021 by sex, age, socio-demographic index (SDI), 21 GBD regions, and 204 countries and territories. We used Joinpoint regression analysis to assess the temporal trends in burden of fungal skin diseases during 1990 to 2021. Spearman\'s rank test was used to analyse the relationship between disease burden and potential factors.
RESULTS: From 1990 to 2021, the incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs for fungal skin diseases worldwide increased by 67.93%, 67.73%, and 66.77%, respectively. Globally, the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardised prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardised DALYs rate (ASDR) for fungal skin diseases in 2021 were 21668.40 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 19601.19-23729.17), 7789.55 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 7059.28-8583.54), and 43.39 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 17.79-89.10), respectively. Between 1990 and 2021, the ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR for fungal skin diseases have modestly increased, with AAPC of 11.71% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.03%-12.39%), 19.24% (95% CI: 18.12%-20.36%), and 20.25% (95% CI: 19.33%-21.18%), respectively. Males experienced a higher burden of fungal skin diseases than females. The incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs for fungal skin diseases were highest at the age of 5-9, while the ASRs were highest among the elderly. At national level, the highest ASRs were observed in Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Mali. Overall, SDI was negatively correlated with the ASRs, whereas Global Land-Ocean Temperature Index (GLOTI) was remarkably positively correlated with the burden of fungal skin diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: Between 1990 and 2021, the global burden of fungal skin diseases has increased, causing a high disease burden worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped regions and among vulnerable population such as children and the elderly. With global warming and aging of the population, the burden of fungal skin diseases may continue to increase in the future. Targeted and specific measures should be taken to address these disparities and the ongoing burden of fungal skin diseases.
摘要：
背景：真菌性皮肤病是世界范围内分布不均的常见皮肤病。
目的：本研究旨在分析全球真菌性皮肤病负担的时空趋势，区域,从1990年到2021年的全国水平。
方法：根据从2021年全球疾病负担研究（GBD）获得的数据，我们描述了事件案例，普遍的情况下，残疾调整生命年数(DALYs)，按性别分列的1990年和2021年真菌性皮肤病的相应年龄标准化率(ASR)，年龄,社会人口指数（SDI），21个GBD地区，204个国家和地区。我们使用Joinpoint回归分析来评估1990年至2021年真菌性皮肤病负担的时间趋势。采用Spearman秩检验分析疾病负担与潜在因素的关系。
结果：从1990年到2021年，事件案例，普遍的情况下，全球真菌性皮肤病的DALYs增加了67.93%，67.73%,和66.77%，分别。全球范围内,年龄标准化发病率(ASIR)，年龄标准化患病率(ASPR)，2021年真菌性皮肤病的年龄标准化DALYs比率（ASDR）为每100,000人口21668.40（95％UI：19601.19-23729.17），每100,000人口7789.55（95％UI：7059.28-8583.54），和每100,000人口43.39（95％UI：17.79-89.10），分别。在1990年至2021年之间，ASIR，ASPR,真菌性皮肤病的ASDR略有增加，AAPC为11.71%（95%置信区间[CI]：11.03%-12.39%），19.24%（95%CI：18.12%-20.36%），和20.25%（95%CI：19.33%-21.18%），分别。男性比女性经历了更高的真菌皮肤病负担。事件案例,普遍的情况下，真菌性皮肤病的DALYs在5-9岁时最高，而ASR在老年人中最高。在国家一级,在尼日利亚观察到最高的ASR，埃塞俄比亚,马里。总的来说,SDI与ASR呈负相关，而全球陆地-海洋温度指数（GLOTI）与真菌性皮肤病的负担显着正相关。
结论：在1990年至2021年之间，真菌性皮肤病的全球负担有所增加，在世界范围内造成很高的疾病负担，特别是在欠发达地区和儿童和老人等弱势群体中。随着全球变暖和人口老龄化,未来真菌性皮肤病的负担可能会继续增加。应采取有针对性的具体措施来解决这些差异和真菌性皮肤病的持续负担。
目的：本研究旨在分析全球真菌性皮肤病负担的时空趋势，区域,从1990年到2021年的全国水平。
方法：根据从2021年全球疾病负担研究（GBD）获得的数据，我们描述了事件案例，普遍的情况下，残疾调整生命年数(DALYs)，按性别分列的1990年和2021年真菌性皮肤病的相应年龄标准化率(ASR)，年龄,社会人口指数（SDI），21个GBD地区，204个国家和地区。我们使用Joinpoint回归分析来评估1990年至2021年真菌性皮肤病负担的时间趋势。采用Spearman秩检验分析疾病负担与潜在因素的关系。
结果：从1990年到2021年，事件案例，普遍的情况下，全球真菌性皮肤病的DALYs增加了67.93%，67.73%,和66.77%，分别。全球范围内,年龄标准化发病率(ASIR)，年龄标准化患病率(ASPR)，2021年真菌性皮肤病的年龄标准化DALYs比率（ASDR）为每100,000人口21668.40（95％UI：19601.19-23729.17），每100,000人口7789.55（95％UI：7059.28-8583.54），和每100,000人口43.39（95％UI：17.79-89.10），分别。在1990年至2021年之间，ASIR，ASPR,真菌性皮肤病的ASDR略有增加，AAPC为11.71%（95%置信区间[CI]：11.03%-12.39%），19.24%（95%CI：18.12%-20.36%），和20.25%（95%CI：19.33%-21.18%），分别。男性比女性经历了更高的真菌皮肤病负担。事件案例,普遍的情况下，真菌性皮肤病的DALYs在5-9岁时最高，而ASR在老年人中最高。在国家一级,在尼日利亚观察到最高的ASR，埃塞俄比亚,马里。总的来说,SDI与ASR呈负相关，而全球陆地-海洋温度指数（GLOTI）与真菌性皮肤病的负担显着正相关。
结论：在1990年至2021年之间，真菌性皮肤病的全球负担有所增加，在世界范围内造成很高的疾病负担，特别是在欠发达地区和儿童和老人等弱势群体中。随着全球变暖和人口老龄化,未来真菌性皮肤病的负担可能会继续增加。应采取有针对性的具体措施来解决这些差异和真菌性皮肤病的持续负担。
