Abstract：
The evaluation of the effects of architecture and design in psychiatric hospitals primarily focuses on final outcomes, such as disease progression, and is made from the perspective of evidence-based medicine. Meanwhile, the evidence-informed, realist approach addresses how the intervention works. Understanding the underlying action mechanisms of the intervention is needed to facilitate its scaling-up and adaptation in new environments. This umbrella review reports in which ways architecture and design have an effect on patients\' and staff experience in inpatient psychiatric hospital. The search was constructed around three key concepts (psychiatric hospital, design, and staff and patient outcomes) and was conducted across three reference databases (Embase, Medline, and PsychINFO). Academic and gray literature was analyzed. Information on design and architectural features in psychiatric hospitals, their effects on patients and staff experience, and the acting mechanisms enabling these effects were extracted. From 951 original references, 14 full texts were included in the analysis. Design and architectural features (e.g., aesthetic appeal of places, home-like environment) in psychiatric hospitals address patients\' stress, boost social interaction, foster patients\' autonomy and feelings of control, ensure respect for patient\'s privacy and dignity, and prevent under-and overstimulation. Using theory-driven evaluation may facilitate future hospital renovation and the evaluation of its effect.
摘要：
对精神病院建筑和设计效果的评估主要集中在最终结果上，如疾病进展，是从循证医学的角度出发的。同时,有证据的人，现实主义的方法解决了干预是如何工作的。需要了解干预措施的基本作用机制，以促进其在新环境中的扩大和适应。这篇综述报告了体系结构和设计对住院精神病医院的患者和工作人员体验的影响。搜索围绕三个关键概念(精神病医院，设计,以及工作人员和患者的结果)，并在三个参考数据库(Embase，Medline,和心理信息）。对学术文献和灰色文献进行了分析。关于精神病院设计和建筑特点的资料,它们对患者和工作人员体验的影响，并提取了实现这些效果的作用机制。从951个原始参考文献中，分析中包括14个全文。设计和建筑特征(例如，地方的审美情趣，家庭环境)在精神病医院解决患者的压力，促进社交互动，培养病人的自主性和控制感，确保尊重患者的隐私和尊严，并防止刺激不足和过度。采用理论驱动的评价方法可以促进未来医院的改造和效果评价。
