PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Exosomes, natural nanovesicles that contain a cargo of biologically active molecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, are released from cells to the extracellular environment. They then act as autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine mediators of communication between cells by delivering their cargo into recipient cells and causing downstream effects. Exosomes are greatly enriched in miRNAs, which are small non-coding RNAs that act both as cytoplasmic post-transcriptional repression agents, modulating the translation of mRNAs into proteins, as well as nuclear transcriptional gene activators. Neuronal exosomal miRNAs have important physiologic functions in the central nervous system (CNS), including cell-to-cell communication, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis, as well as modulating stress and inflammatory responses. Stress-induced changes in exosomal functions include effects on neurogenesis and neuroinflammation, which can lead to the appearance of various neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer\'s and Huntington\'s diseases. The current knowledge regarding the roles of exosomes in the pathophysiology of common mental disorders is discussed in this review.
摘要：
外泌体,含有生物活性分子（如脂质）的天然纳米囊泡，蛋白质，和核酸，从细胞释放到细胞外环境。然后它们充当自分泌，旁分泌,或通过将其货物传递到受体细胞并引起下游效应而在细胞之间进行通讯的内分泌介质。外泌体在miRNA中大量富集，它们是小的非编码RNA，既是细胞质转录后抑制因子，调节mRNA翻译成蛋白质，以及核转录基因激活剂。神经元外泌体miRNAs在中枢神经系统（CNS）中具有重要的生理功能，包括小区到小区的通信，突触可塑性，和神经发生，以及调节压力和炎症反应。应激诱导的外泌体功能变化包括对神经发生和神经炎症的影响，这可能导致各种神经精神疾病的出现，如精神分裂症，严重的抑郁症,双相情感障碍,和老年痴呆症和亨廷顿病。本文讨论了有关外来体在常见精神障碍病理生理学中的作用的最新知识。
