METHODS: For this longitudinal study, one hundred and sixty-one men\'s professional football players were recruited. The polymorphisms ACE I/D, ACTN3 c.1729C>T, AMPD1 c.34C>T, CKM c.*800A>G, and MLCK (c.49C>T and c.37885C>A) were genotyped using Single-Nucleotide Primer Extension (SNPE). To assess the combined impact of these six polymorphisms, a total genotype score (TGS) was calculated. The creatine supplementation protocol consisted of 20 g/day of creatine monohydrate for 5 days (loading dose) and 3-5 g/day for 7 weeks (maintenance dose). Anthropometric characteristics (body mass index (BMI), fat, and muscle mass) were recorded before and after the creatine supplementation protocol. Characteristics of non-contact muscle injuries during the 2022/2023 season were classified according to a consensus statement for injury recording. The results showed that the allelic frequencies of ACE and AMPD1 differed between responders and non-responders in muscle mass increase (all p < 0.05). Players with a TGS exceeding 54.16 a.u. had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.985 (95%CI: 1.560-5.711; p = 0.001) for muscle mass increase. By contrast, those with a TGS below 54.16 a.u. had an OR of 9.385 (95%CI: 4.535-19.425; p < 0.001) for suffering non-contact muscle injuries during the season.
CONCLUSIONS: The increase in BMI and muscle mass in response to creatine supplementation in professional football players was influenced by a TGS derived from the combination of favourable genotypes linked to muscle performance. The CC genotype and C allele of AMPD1 were particularly associated with a higher likelihood of muscle mass increase under creatine supplementation in this group of professional football players.
方法:对于这项纵向研究,招募了一百六十一名男子职业足球运动员。多态性ACEI/D,ACTN3c.1729C>T,AMPD1c.34C>T,CKMc.*800A>G,使用单核苷酸引物延伸(SNPE)对MLCK(c.49C>T和c.3785C>A)进行基因分型。为了评估这六个多态性的综合影响,计算总基因型评分(TGS).肌酸补充方案由20g/天的肌酸一水合物持续5天(负荷剂量)和3-5g/天持续7周(维持剂量)组成。人体测量特征(体重指数(BMI),脂肪,和肌肉质量)在肌酸补充方案之前和之后记录。2022/2023赛季非接触式肌肉损伤的特征根据损伤记录的共识声明进行分类。结果表明,在肌肉质量增加方面,应答者和非应答者之间ACE和AMPD1的等位基因频率不同(均p<0.05)。TGS超过54.16a.u.的玩家肌肉质量增加的比值比(OR)为2.985(95CI:1.560-5.711;p=0.001)。相比之下,TGS低于54.16a.u.的人在本赛季遭受非接触式肌肉损伤,OR为9.385(95CI:4.535-19.425;p<0.001)。
结论:职业足球运动员补充肌酸后,BMI和肌肉质量的增加受到与肌肉表现相关的有利基因型组合产生的TGS的影响。在这组职业足球运动员中,在补充肌酸的情况下,AMPD1的CC基因型和C等位基因与肌肉质量增加的可能性更高有关。