PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to conduct a detailed and comparative analysis of body composition and dietary habits in elite swimming and water polo athletes. Through the examination of these key parameters, this study seeks to compare the dietary intake of these two distinct aquatic sports disciplines.
METHODS: A total of 10 top-level swimmers and 13 water polo athletes participated in anthropometric and body composition assessments, as well as a detailed analysis of nutritional intake. To compare the two groups, an independent samples t-test was used, and variance homogeneity was checked using Levene\'s test. The effect size of the group differences was evaluated using Hedges\' g.
RESULTS: Water polo athletes showed significantly greater height (189.4 ± 2.9 vs. 186.5 ± 2.0 cm, p = 0.013), body mass index (24.3 ± 1.4 vs. 22.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2, p < 0.001), fat-free mass (62.9 ± 1.4 vs. 61.1 ± 1.38 kg, p < 0.001), skeletal muscle mass (47.1 ± 1.3 vs. 43.9 ± 1.6 kg, p < 0.001), and overall weight (86.9 ± 6.9 vs. 76.7 ± 2.2 kg, p < 0.001) in comparison to swimmers. Swimmers consumed greater amounts of mean daily energy (60.0 ± 1.0 vs. 39.0 ± 1.0 kcal/kg, p < 0.001), carbohydrate (7.8 ± 0.3 vs. 4.4 ± 0.5 g/kg, p < 0.001), protein (1.7 ± 0.5 vs. 1.4 ± 0.5 g/kg, p < 0.001), and fat (2.4 ± 0.5 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5 g/kg, p < 0.001) compared to water polo athletes.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the need for differentiated targeted nutritional interventions to enhance athletic performance in different types of water sports. Compared to water polo athletes, swimmers consumed significantly higher amounts of calories, matching their increased calorie demand from their specific training regime. However, this is an observational study and the differential needs of energy and macronutrients in water sports should be confirmed by studies with energy expenditure measurements.
METHODS: A total of 10 top-level swimmers and 13 water polo athletes participated in anthropometric and body composition assessments, as well as a detailed analysis of nutritional intake. To compare the two groups, an independent samples t-test was used, and variance homogeneity was checked using Levene\'s test. The effect size of the group differences was evaluated using Hedges\' g.
RESULTS: Water polo athletes showed significantly greater height (189.4 ± 2.9 vs. 186.5 ± 2.0 cm, p = 0.013), body mass index (24.3 ± 1.4 vs. 22.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2, p < 0.001), fat-free mass (62.9 ± 1.4 vs. 61.1 ± 1.38 kg, p < 0.001), skeletal muscle mass (47.1 ± 1.3 vs. 43.9 ± 1.6 kg, p < 0.001), and overall weight (86.9 ± 6.9 vs. 76.7 ± 2.2 kg, p < 0.001) in comparison to swimmers. Swimmers consumed greater amounts of mean daily energy (60.0 ± 1.0 vs. 39.0 ± 1.0 kcal/kg, p < 0.001), carbohydrate (7.8 ± 0.3 vs. 4.4 ± 0.5 g/kg, p < 0.001), protein (1.7 ± 0.5 vs. 1.4 ± 0.5 g/kg, p < 0.001), and fat (2.4 ± 0.5 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5 g/kg, p < 0.001) compared to water polo athletes.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the need for differentiated targeted nutritional interventions to enhance athletic performance in different types of water sports. Compared to water polo athletes, swimmers consumed significantly higher amounts of calories, matching their increased calorie demand from their specific training regime. However, this is an observational study and the differential needs of energy and macronutrients in water sports should be confirmed by studies with energy expenditure measurements.
摘要：
背景：本研究旨在对精英游泳和水球运动员的身体成分和饮食习惯进行详细和比较分析。通过对这些关键参数的检验,这项研究旨在比较这两个不同的水上运动学科的饮食摄入量。
方法：共有10名顶级游泳运动员和13名水球运动员参加了人体测量和身体成分评估，以及营养摄入的详细分析。为了比较两组，使用独立样本t检验，和方差齐性用Levene检验进行检查。使用Hedges\'g评估组差异的效应大小。
结果：水球运动员的身高显着增加（189.4±2.9vs.186.5±2.0cm,p=0.013),体重指数(24.3±1.4vs.22.1±0.5kg/m2，p<0.001），无脂质量(62.9±1.4vs.61.1±1.38kg,p<0.001)，骨骼肌质量（47.1±1.3vs.43.9±1.6kg,p<0.001)，和总重量(86.9±6.9vs.76.7±2.2kg,与游泳者相比，p<0.001）。游泳者消耗更多的平均每日能量（60.0±1.0与39.0±1.0kcal/kg,p<0.001)，碳水化合物（7.8±0.3vs.4.4±0.5g/kg,p<0.001)，蛋白质(1.7±0.5vs.1.4±0.5g/kg，p<0.001)，和脂肪(2.4±0.5vs.1.7±0.5g/kg，p<0.001）与水球运动员相比。
结论：我们的研究结果强调需要有区别的针对性的营养干预措施，以提高不同类型水上运动的运动成绩。与水球运动员相比，游泳者消耗更多的卡路里，从他们的特定训练制度中匹配他们增加的卡路里需求。然而,这是一项观察性研究，水上运动对能量和大量营养素的不同需求应该通过能量消耗测量研究来证实。
方法：共有10名顶级游泳运动员和13名水球运动员参加了人体测量和身体成分评估，以及营养摄入的详细分析。为了比较两组，使用独立样本t检验，和方差齐性用Levene检验进行检查。使用Hedges\'g评估组差异的效应大小。
结果：水球运动员的身高显着增加（189.4±2.9vs.186.5±2.0cm,p=0.013),体重指数(24.3±1.4vs.22.1±0.5kg/m2，p<0.001），无脂质量(62.9±1.4vs.61.1±1.38kg,p<0.001)，骨骼肌质量（47.1±1.3vs.43.9±1.6kg,p<0.001)，和总重量(86.9±6.9vs.76.7±2.2kg,与游泳者相比，p<0.001）。游泳者消耗更多的平均每日能量（60.0±1.0与39.0±1.0kcal/kg,p<0.001)，碳水化合物（7.8±0.3vs.4.4±0.5g/kg,p<0.001)，蛋白质(1.7±0.5vs.1.4±0.5g/kg，p<0.001)，和脂肪(2.4±0.5vs.1.7±0.5g/kg，p<0.001）与水球运动员相比。
结论：我们的研究结果强调需要有区别的针对性的营养干预措施，以提高不同类型水上运动的运动成绩。与水球运动员相比，游泳者消耗更多的卡路里，从他们的特定训练制度中匹配他们增加的卡路里需求。然而,这是一项观察性研究，水上运动对能量和大量营养素的不同需求应该通过能量消耗测量研究来证实。
