Abstract：
Bacterial antibiotic resistance has been recognized as a global threat to public health. It challenges the antibiotics currently used in clinical practice and causes severe and often fatal infectious diseases. Fighting against antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is growing more urgent. While understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance is a prerequisite, several major mechanisms have been previously proposed including bacterial efflux systems, reduced cell membrane permeability, antibiotic inactivation by enzymes, target modification, and target protection. In this context, this review presents a panel of promising and potential strategies to combat antibiotic resistance/resistant bacteria. Different types of direct-acting and indirect resistance breakers, such as efflux pump inhibitors, antibiotic adjuvants, and oxidative treatments are discussed. In addition, the emerging multi-omics approaches for rapid resistance identification and promising alternatives to existing antibiotics are highlighted. Overall, this review suggests that continued effort and investment in research are required to develop new antibiotics and alternatives to existing antibiotics and translate them into environmental and clinical applications.
摘要：
细菌抗生素耐药性已被认为是对公共卫生的全球威胁。它挑战了目前在临床实践中使用的抗生素，并导致严重且通常致命的传染病。对抗抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）的斗争变得越来越紧迫。虽然了解抗性的分子机制是先决条件，之前已经提出了几种主要机制，包括细菌外排系统，降低细胞膜通透性，抗生素被酶灭活，目标修改，和目标保护。在这种情况下，这篇综述提出了一组有希望和潜在的策略，以对抗抗生素耐药性/耐药细菌。不同类型的直接作用和间接电阻断路器，如外排泵抑制剂，抗生素佐剂，和氧化处理进行了讨论。此外,重点介绍了用于快速耐药性鉴定的新兴多组学方法和有希望的现有抗生素替代品.总的来说,这篇综述表明，需要继续努力和投资于研究，以开发新的抗生素和现有抗生素的替代品，并将其转化为环境和临床应用。
