PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews on the effects of pacifiers on occlusion have highlighted the need for quality RCTs.
METHODS: Single region, three parallel-armed, prospective, randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlations between early childhood non-nutritive sucking habits and malocclusion. Specifically to test whether the use of a study pacifier has differing effects compared to other pacifiers and control, and whether the duration of pacifier use or digit sucking influence the occlusion.
METHODS: The subjects were firstborn children, born in 2008 in Vantaa, Finland.
METHODS: One-third of participants were offered study pacifiers, free of charge, from birth up to 2 years of age. The history of the subjects\' sucking habits, including pacifier use was screened in a questionnaire at the age of 2 years, and clinical examinations were performed at the age of 7 years. In addition, the subjects were divided into groups that were equally matched regarding their mother\'s level of education.
RESULTS: Posterior crossbite, anterior crossbite, overjet, deep bite, open bite, and crowding.
UNASSIGNED: Three districts were randomly allocated to three study groups by drawing lots.
METHODS: It was not possible to blind the clinicians or parents from the intervention. Blinding during data analysis was performed.
RESULTS: From the original cohort of 2715 children born in the town of Vantaa, 1911 were excluded and 353 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 451 children were divided into three groups according to the use of pacifiers. The prevalence of posterior crossbite at the age of 7 years was higher if a non-study pacifier had been used (P = .005) even when matched for the mother\'s level of education (P = .029). The prevalence of posterior crossbite was higher if the pacifier habit had continued for 12 months or more compared to 11 months or less, 7% and 1%, respectively, (P = .003). Digit sucking for 12 months or more was associated with crowding (P = .016). The prevalence of crossbite in the study pacifier group was less than in control pacifiers.
RESULTS: No adverse harms were reported other than effects on the dentition.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of pacifiers is associated with the posterior crossbite, especially if their use continues for a year or more. Parents/guardians should be advised to stop the use or reduce the use of pacifiers to a minimum after their child\'s first birthday.
BACKGROUND: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01854502.
METHODS: Single region, three parallel-armed, prospective, randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlations between early childhood non-nutritive sucking habits and malocclusion. Specifically to test whether the use of a study pacifier has differing effects compared to other pacifiers and control, and whether the duration of pacifier use or digit sucking influence the occlusion.
METHODS: The subjects were firstborn children, born in 2008 in Vantaa, Finland.
METHODS: One-third of participants were offered study pacifiers, free of charge, from birth up to 2 years of age. The history of the subjects\' sucking habits, including pacifier use was screened in a questionnaire at the age of 2 years, and clinical examinations were performed at the age of 7 years. In addition, the subjects were divided into groups that were equally matched regarding their mother\'s level of education.
RESULTS: Posterior crossbite, anterior crossbite, overjet, deep bite, open bite, and crowding.
UNASSIGNED: Three districts were randomly allocated to three study groups by drawing lots.
METHODS: It was not possible to blind the clinicians or parents from the intervention. Blinding during data analysis was performed.
RESULTS: From the original cohort of 2715 children born in the town of Vantaa, 1911 were excluded and 353 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 451 children were divided into three groups according to the use of pacifiers. The prevalence of posterior crossbite at the age of 7 years was higher if a non-study pacifier had been used (P = .005) even when matched for the mother\'s level of education (P = .029). The prevalence of posterior crossbite was higher if the pacifier habit had continued for 12 months or more compared to 11 months or less, 7% and 1%, respectively, (P = .003). Digit sucking for 12 months or more was associated with crowding (P = .016). The prevalence of crossbite in the study pacifier group was less than in control pacifiers.
RESULTS: No adverse harms were reported other than effects on the dentition.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of pacifiers is associated with the posterior crossbite, especially if their use continues for a year or more. Parents/guardians should be advised to stop the use or reduce the use of pacifiers to a minimum after their child\'s first birthday.
BACKGROUND: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01854502.
摘要：
背景：关于安抚奶嘴对闭塞影响的系统评价强调了对高质量随机对照试验的需求。
方法：单区域，三个平行武装，prospective,随机对照试验。
目的：探讨幼儿非营养性吸吮习惯与错牙合的相关性。特别是为了测试与其他安抚奶嘴和对照相比，使用研究安抚奶嘴是否具有不同的效果，以及安抚奶嘴使用或手指吸吮的持续时间是否会影响咬合。
方法：受试者为长子，2008年生于万塔,芬兰。
方法：三分之一的参与者提供研究安抚奶嘴，免费的,从出生到2岁。受试者吸吮习惯的历史，包括安抚奶嘴的使用在2岁的问卷调查中进行了筛选，和临床检查在7岁时进行。此外,受试者被分成几组，这些组的母亲受教育程度相同。
结果：后交叉咬伤，前牙咬合,喷射机,深深的咬伤,开口咬伤,和拥挤。
■通过抽签将三个地区随机分配到三个研究组。
方法：不可能使临床医生或父母从干预措施中失明。在数据分析期间进行致盲。
结果：从最初出生在万塔镇的2715名儿童中，1911年被排除在外，353例失去随访。其余451名儿童根据安抚奶嘴的使用情况分为三组。即使与母亲的教育水平相匹配，如果使用非研究安抚奶嘴（P=.005），则7岁时的后交叉咬伤患病率更高（P=.029）。如果安抚奶嘴习惯持续12个月或更长时间，则与11个月或更短相比，后交叉咬伤的患病率更高，7%和1%，分别,（P=0.003）。数字吸吮12个月或更长时间与拥挤有关（P=0.016）。研究安抚奶嘴组的交叉咬伤发生率低于对照安抚奶嘴。
结果：除了对牙列的影响外，没有其他不良反应报告。
结论：安抚奶嘴的使用与后咬合有关，特别是如果它们的使用持续一年或更长时间。应建议父母/监护人在孩子的第一个生日后停止使用或将安抚奶嘴的使用减少到最低限度。
背景：ClinicalTrials.govNCT01854502。
方法：单区域，三个平行武装，prospective,随机对照试验。
目的：探讨幼儿非营养性吸吮习惯与错牙合的相关性。特别是为了测试与其他安抚奶嘴和对照相比，使用研究安抚奶嘴是否具有不同的效果，以及安抚奶嘴使用或手指吸吮的持续时间是否会影响咬合。
方法：受试者为长子，2008年生于万塔,芬兰。
方法：三分之一的参与者提供研究安抚奶嘴，免费的,从出生到2岁。受试者吸吮习惯的历史，包括安抚奶嘴的使用在2岁的问卷调查中进行了筛选，和临床检查在7岁时进行。此外,受试者被分成几组，这些组的母亲受教育程度相同。
结果：后交叉咬伤，前牙咬合,喷射机,深深的咬伤,开口咬伤,和拥挤。
■通过抽签将三个地区随机分配到三个研究组。
方法：不可能使临床医生或父母从干预措施中失明。在数据分析期间进行致盲。
结果：从最初出生在万塔镇的2715名儿童中，1911年被排除在外，353例失去随访。其余451名儿童根据安抚奶嘴的使用情况分为三组。即使与母亲的教育水平相匹配，如果使用非研究安抚奶嘴（P=.005），则7岁时的后交叉咬伤患病率更高（P=.029）。如果安抚奶嘴习惯持续12个月或更长时间，则与11个月或更短相比，后交叉咬伤的患病率更高，7%和1%，分别,（P=0.003）。数字吸吮12个月或更长时间与拥挤有关（P=0.016）。研究安抚奶嘴组的交叉咬伤发生率低于对照安抚奶嘴。
结果：除了对牙列的影响外，没有其他不良反应报告。
结论：安抚奶嘴的使用与后咬合有关，特别是如果它们的使用持续一年或更长时间。应建议父母/监护人在孩子的第一个生日后停止使用或将安抚奶嘴的使用减少到最低限度。
背景：ClinicalTrials.govNCT01854502。
