PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Meditation, psychedelics, and other similar practices or induction methods that can modulate conscious experience, are becoming increasingly popular in clinical and non-clinical settings. The phenomenology associated with such practices or modalities is vast. Many similar effects and experiences are also reported to occur spontaneously. We argue that this experiential range is still not fully described or understood in the contemporary literature, and that there is an ethical mandate to research it more extensively, starting with comprehensive documentation and definition. We review 50 recent clinical or scientific publications to assess the range of phenomena, experiences, effects, after-effects, and impacts associated with a broad variety of psychoactive compounds, meditative practices, and other modalities or events. This results in a large inventory synthesizing the reports of over 30,000 individual subjects. We then critically discuss various terms and concepts that have been used in recent literature to designate all or parts of the range this inventory covers. We make the case that specialized terminologies are needed to ground the nascent research field that is forming around this experiential domain. As a step in this direction, we propose the notion of \"emergence\" and some of its derivatives, such as \"emergent phenomenology,\" as possibly foundational candidates.
摘要：
冥想,迷幻药,以及其他可以调节意识体验的类似实践或归纳方法，在临床和非临床环境中越来越受欢迎。与这种实践或模式相关的现象学是巨大的。据报道，许多类似的效果和经验也是自发发生的。我们认为，这种经验范围在当代文学中仍然没有得到充分描述或理解，并且有更广泛的研究它的伦理授权，从全面的文档和定义开始。我们回顾了50篇最近的临床或科学出版物，以评估现象的范围，经验,影响,后遗症，以及与各种精神活性化合物相关的影响，冥想练习，以及其他方式或事件。这导致了一个大的清单，综合了30,000多个个体受试者的报告。然后，我们批判性地讨论了最近文献中使用的各种术语和概念，以指定本清单涵盖的全部或部分范围。我们认为，需要专门的术语来建立围绕这个经验领域形成的新生研究领域。作为朝这个方向迈出的一步,我们提出了“出现”的概念及其衍生物，如“紧急现象学”，“作为可能的基础候选人。
