PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Caffeine is a widely used drug that broadly affects human cognition and brain function. Caffeine acts as an antagonist to the adenosine receptors in the brain. Previous anecdotal reports have also linked caffeine intake with changes in pupil diameter. By modifying the retinal irradiance, pupil diameter modulates all ocular light exposure relevant for visual (i.e., perception, detection and discrimination of visual stimuli) and non-visual (i.e., circadian) functions. To date, the extent of the influence of caffeine on pupillary outcomes, including pupil diameter, has not been examined in a systematic review. We implemented a systematic review laid out in a pre-registered protocol following PRISMA-P guidelines. We only included original research articles written in English reporting studies with human participants, in which caffeine was administered, and pupil diameter was measured using objective methods. Using broad search strategies, we consulted various databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, bioRxiv and medRxiv) and used the Covidence platform to screen, review and extract data from studies. After importing studies identified through database search (n = 517 imported, n = 46 duplicates), we screened the title and abstracts (n = 471), finding 14 studies meeting our eligibility criteria. After full-text review, we excluded seven studies, leaving only a very modest number of included studies (n = 7). Extraction of information revealed that the existing literature on the effect of caffeine on pupil parameters is very heterogeneous, differing in pupil assessment methods, time of day of caffeine administration, dose, and protocol timing and design. The evidence available in the literature does not provide consistent results but studies rated as valid by quality assessment suggest a small effect of caffeine on pupil parameters. We summarize the numeric results as both differences in absolute pupil diameter and in terms of effect sizes. More studies are needed using modern pupil assessment methods, robust study design, and caffeine dose-response methodology.
摘要：
咖啡因是一种广泛使用的药物，广泛影响人类的认知和大脑功能。咖啡因是大脑中腺苷受体的拮抗剂。以前的轶事报道也将咖啡因摄入量与瞳孔直径的变化联系起来。通过修改视网膜辐照度，瞳孔直径调节与视觉相关的所有眼部曝光(即感知，视觉刺激的检测和辨别)和非视觉(即，昼夜节律)功能。迄今为止,咖啡因对瞳孔结局的影响程度，包括瞳孔直径,尚未在系统审查中进行审查。我们遵循PRISMA-P指南，在预先注册的协议中进行了系统审查。我们只包括与人类参与者一起写的英文报告研究的原创研究文章，服用咖啡因，用客观方法测量瞳孔直径。使用广泛的搜索策略，我们查阅了各种数据库(PsycINFO，Medline,Embase,科克伦图书馆,bioRxiv和medRxiv)，并使用Covidence平台进行筛选，回顾和提取研究数据。导入通过数据库搜索确定的研究后(n=517导入，n=46个重复)，我们筛选了标题和摘要(n=471)，发现14项研究符合我们的资格标准。经过全文审查,我们排除了七项研究，仅留下非常少量的纳入研究(n=7)。信息提取表明，现有文献中关于咖啡因对瞳孔参数的影响是非常不均匀的，学生评估方法不同，每天服用咖啡因的时间，剂量,以及协议时序和设计。文献中的证据没有提供一致的结果，但通过质量评估被评为有效的研究表明，咖啡因对瞳孔参数的影响很小。我们将数值结果总结为绝对瞳孔直径和效果大小的差异。需要使用现代学生评估方法进行更多研究，稳健的研究设计，和咖啡因剂量反应方法。
