Abstract：
Artificial intelligence chatbots based on large language models have recently emerged as an alternative to traditional online searches and are also entering the nutrition space. In this study, we wanted to investigate whether the artificial intelligence chatbots ChatGPT and Bard (now Gemini) can create meal plans that meet the dietary reference intake (DRI) for different dietary patterns. We further hypothesized that nutritional adequacy could be improved by modifying the prompts used. Meal plans were generated by 3 accounts for different dietary patterns (omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan) using 2 distinct prompts resulting in 108 meal plans total. The nutrient content of the plans was subsequently analyzed and compared to the DRIs. On average, the meal plans contained less energy and carbohydrates but mostly exceeded the DRI for protein. Vitamin D and fluoride fell below the DRI for all plans, whereas only the vegan plans contained insufficient vitamin B12. ChatGPT suggested using vitamin B12 supplements in 5 of 18 instances, whereas Bard never recommended supplements. There were no significant differences between the prompts or the tools. Although the meal plans generated by ChatGPT and Bard met most DRIs, there were some exceptions, particularly for vegan diets. These tools maybe useful for individuals looking for general dietary inspiration, but they should not be relied on to create nutritionally adequate meal plans, especially for individuals with restrictive dietary needs.
摘要：
基于大型语言模型的人工智能聊天机器人最近已经成为传统在线搜索的替代品，并且也正在进入营养领域。在这项研究中,我们想调查人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT和Bard（现在的双子座）是否可以创建满足不同饮食模式的饮食参考摄入量（DRI）的膳食计划。我们进一步假设可以通过修改使用的提示来改善营养充足性。膳食计划由3个不同膳食模式的账户生成(杂食性，素食主义者,和素食主义者）使用2个不同的提示，总共产生108个膳食计划。随后分析计划的营养素含量并与DRI进行比较。平均而言,膳食计划包含更少的能量和碳水化合物，但大部分超过蛋白质的DRI。维生素D和氟化物低于所有计划的DRI，而只有素食计划含有不足的维生素B12。ChatGPT建议在18例中的5例中使用维生素B12补充剂，而Bard从不推荐补充剂。提示或工具之间没有显着差异。尽管ChatGPT和Bard生成的膳食计划符合大多数DRI，有一些例外,特别是素食。这些工具可能对寻找一般饮食灵感的人有用，但是不应该依靠它们来制定营养充足的膳食计划，特别是对于有限制性饮食需求的人。
