Abstract：
This study comprehensively investigated the abundance, morphologies, and polymer types of plastics, larger (1-5 mm) and smaller (< 1 mm) microplastics (MPs), in organic fertilizers using spectroscopic and microscopic methods. MPs abundance varied depending on the type of waste employed. MPs were detected in 80% of the investigated compost samples, while macro/meso plastics were found in only four samples. Compost from mixed municipal solid waste exhibited the highest MPs contamination (23100 ± 3615 items/kg dry weight), whereas compost produced from canteen waste had the lowest contamination (100 ± 65 items/kg dry weight). Smaller MPs were dominant in all samples. The estimated loads of MPs introduced into agricultural soil exceeded the previous studies. Common morphologies observed were sheet, film, fragment, and fiber, while dominant polymer types were polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS). Heavy metals, including Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb, were identified in association with MPs. Results indicate that the utilization of appropriate waste for composting and upgrading fertilizer regulations is crucial to protect the environment and human health from smaller MPs.
摘要：
本研究全面调查了丰度，形态学,和聚合物类型的塑料，较大（1-5毫米）和较小（<1毫米）的微塑料（MPs），在有机肥料中使用光谱和显微镜方法。MP的丰度因所用废物的类型而异。在80％的调查堆肥样品中检测到MP，而仅在四个样品中发现了宏观/中观塑料。来自混合城市固体废物的堆肥显示出最高的MPs污染（23100±3615个项目/kg干重），而食堂废物产生的堆肥污染最低(100±65项目/kg干重)。较小的MP在所有样品中占主导地位。引入农业土壤的MP的估计负荷超过了先前的研究。观察到的常见形态是片材，电影,片段,和纤维，而主要的聚合物类型是聚乙烯（PE），聚丙烯（PP），聚氯乙烯(PVC),聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),和聚苯乙烯（PS）。重金属,包括Cr,Cu,Ni,还有Pb,与国会议员有关。结果表明，利用适当的废物进行堆肥和升级肥料法规对于保护环境和人类健康免受较小的MP至关重要。
