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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Bartonella quintana is a body louse-borne bacterium causing bacteremia and infective endocarditis. We aimed to describe B. quintana detection among arthropods and their hosts.
METHODS: We searched databases in PubMed Central/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from January 1, 1915 (the year of B. quintana discovery) to January 1, 2024, to identify publications containing specific search terms relating to B. quintana detection among arthropods. Descriptive statistics and meta-analysis of pooled prevalence using random-effects models were performed for all arthropods and body and head lice.
RESULTS: Of 1265 records, 62 articles were included, describing 8839 body lice, 4962 head lice, and 1692 other arthropods, such as different species of fleas, bedbugs, mites, and ticks. Arthropods were collected from 37 countries, of which 28 had arthropods with B. quintana DNA. Among articles that reported B. quintana detection among individual arthropods, 1445 of 14,088 (0.1026, 95% CI [0.0976; 0.1077]) arthropods tested positive for B. quintana DNA, generating a random-effects model global prevalence of 0.0666 (95% CI [0.0426; 0.1026]). Fifty-six studies tested 8839 body lice, of which 1679 had B. quintana DNA (0.1899, 95% CI [0.1818; 0.1983]), generating a random-effects model pooled prevalence of 0.2312 (95% CI [0.1784; 0.2843]). Forty-two studies tested 4962 head lice, of which 390 head lice from 20 studies originating from 11 different countries had B. quintana DNA (0.0786, 95% CI [0.0713; 0.0864]). Eight studies detected B. quintana DNA exclusively on head lice. Five studies reported greater B. quintana detection on head lice than body lice; all originated from low-resource environments.
CONCLUSIONS: Bartonella quintana is a vector-borne bacterium with a global distribution, disproportionately affecting marginalized populations. Bartonella quintana DNA has been detected in many different arthropod species, though not all of these arthropods meet criteria to be considered vectors for B. quintana transmission. Body lice have long been known to transmit B. quintana. A limited number of studies suggest that head lice may also act as possible vectors for B. quintana in specific low-resource contexts.
METHODS: We searched databases in PubMed Central/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from January 1, 1915 (the year of B. quintana discovery) to January 1, 2024, to identify publications containing specific search terms relating to B. quintana detection among arthropods. Descriptive statistics and meta-analysis of pooled prevalence using random-effects models were performed for all arthropods and body and head lice.
RESULTS: Of 1265 records, 62 articles were included, describing 8839 body lice, 4962 head lice, and 1692 other arthropods, such as different species of fleas, bedbugs, mites, and ticks. Arthropods were collected from 37 countries, of which 28 had arthropods with B. quintana DNA. Among articles that reported B. quintana detection among individual arthropods, 1445 of 14,088 (0.1026, 95% CI [0.0976; 0.1077]) arthropods tested positive for B. quintana DNA, generating a random-effects model global prevalence of 0.0666 (95% CI [0.0426; 0.1026]). Fifty-six studies tested 8839 body lice, of which 1679 had B. quintana DNA (0.1899, 95% CI [0.1818; 0.1983]), generating a random-effects model pooled prevalence of 0.2312 (95% CI [0.1784; 0.2843]). Forty-two studies tested 4962 head lice, of which 390 head lice from 20 studies originating from 11 different countries had B. quintana DNA (0.0786, 95% CI [0.0713; 0.0864]). Eight studies detected B. quintana DNA exclusively on head lice. Five studies reported greater B. quintana detection on head lice than body lice; all originated from low-resource environments.
CONCLUSIONS: Bartonella quintana is a vector-borne bacterium with a global distribution, disproportionately affecting marginalized populations. Bartonella quintana DNA has been detected in many different arthropod species, though not all of these arthropods meet criteria to be considered vectors for B. quintana transmission. Body lice have long been known to transmit B. quintana. A limited number of studies suggest that head lice may also act as possible vectors for B. quintana in specific low-resource contexts.
摘要：
背景：巴尔通菌是一种体虱传播的细菌，可引起菌血症和感染性心内膜炎。我们的目的是描述在节肢动物及其宿主中检测到的B.quintana。
方法：我们在PubMedCentral/MEDLINE中搜索了数据库，Scopus,Embase,和WebofScience从1915年1月1日（B.quintana发现年）到2024年1月1日，以确定包含与节肢动物中B.quintana检测有关的特定搜索术语的出版物。使用随机效应模型对所有节肢动物以及体虱和头虱进行了描述性统计和汇总患病率的荟萃分析。
结果：在1265条记录中，共包括62篇文章，描述8839身体虱子，4962头虱,和1692年其他节肢动物，比如不同种类的跳蚤,臭虫,螨虫,和蜱。节肢动物来自37个国家，其中28人的节肢动物有B.quintanaDNA。在报道在节肢动物个体中检测到金塔纳芽孢杆菌的文章中，1445的14,088（0.1026，95％CI[0.0976;0.1077]）节肢动物测试为B.quintanaDNA阳性，生成的随机效应模型全球患病率为0.0666(95%CI[0.0426;0.1026])。56项研究测试了8839个体虱，其中1679年有金塔纳芽孢杆菌DNA(0.1899，95%CI[0.1818;0.1983])，生成0.2312的随机效应模型合并患病率(95%CI[0.1784;0.2843])。42项研究测试了4962个头虱，其中来自11个不同国家的20项研究的390头虱具有金塔纳氏杆菌DNA(0.0786,95%CI[0.0713;0.0864])。八项研究仅在头虱上检测到了B.quintanaDNA。五项研究报告说，头虱比体虱检测到更大的金氏芽孢杆菌；所有这些都来自低资源环境。
结论：巴尔通菌是全球分布的媒介传播细菌，对边缘化人口的影响不成比例。已经在许多不同的节肢动物物种中检测到巴尔通体的DNA，尽管并不是所有这些节肢动物都符合被认为是金氏芽孢杆菌传播载体的标准。众所周知，体虱会传播金塔纳。有限的研究表明，在特定的低资源环境中，头虱也可能是金氏芽孢杆菌的可能载体。
方法：我们在PubMedCentral/MEDLINE中搜索了数据库，Scopus,Embase,和WebofScience从1915年1月1日（B.quintana发现年）到2024年1月1日，以确定包含与节肢动物中B.quintana检测有关的特定搜索术语的出版物。使用随机效应模型对所有节肢动物以及体虱和头虱进行了描述性统计和汇总患病率的荟萃分析。
结果：在1265条记录中，共包括62篇文章，描述8839身体虱子，4962头虱,和1692年其他节肢动物，比如不同种类的跳蚤,臭虫,螨虫,和蜱。节肢动物来自37个国家，其中28人的节肢动物有B.quintanaDNA。在报道在节肢动物个体中检测到金塔纳芽孢杆菌的文章中，1445的14,088（0.1026，95％CI[0.0976;0.1077]）节肢动物测试为B.quintanaDNA阳性，生成的随机效应模型全球患病率为0.0666(95%CI[0.0426;0.1026])。56项研究测试了8839个体虱，其中1679年有金塔纳芽孢杆菌DNA(0.1899，95%CI[0.1818;0.1983])，生成0.2312的随机效应模型合并患病率(95%CI[0.1784;0.2843])。42项研究测试了4962个头虱，其中来自11个不同国家的20项研究的390头虱具有金塔纳氏杆菌DNA(0.0786,95%CI[0.0713;0.0864])。八项研究仅在头虱上检测到了B.quintanaDNA。五项研究报告说，头虱比体虱检测到更大的金氏芽孢杆菌；所有这些都来自低资源环境。
结论：巴尔通菌是全球分布的媒介传播细菌，对边缘化人口的影响不成比例。已经在许多不同的节肢动物物种中检测到巴尔通体的DNA，尽管并不是所有这些节肢动物都符合被认为是金氏芽孢杆菌传播载体的标准。众所周知，体虱会传播金塔纳。有限的研究表明，在特定的低资源环境中，头虱也可能是金氏芽孢杆菌的可能载体。
