Abstract：
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are widely released into the environment as a result of increased urban and industrial development in recent years. The bulk of PTEs are cancer-causing and harm human health by producing free radicals. As a result, it is crucial to monitor, evaluate, and limit the effects of the elements on human health. In this study, levels of PTEs (As, Cr, Cd, Ni, Co, and Pb) in pharmaceutical effluents discharged along the Asa River around the Ilorin metropolis and their seasonal variations were evaluated. Water samples were collected from eight different locations over a two-season period along the river and analyzed for PTEs using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Co had mean PTE values in the effluents (both seasons) of 0.0258, 0.0233, 0.00193, 0.0176, and 0.0164 mg/L, respectively, with As and Pb surpassing the WHO standard. Maximum temperature and pH were measured for the physicochemical parameters in the wet season, whereas electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were seen in the dry season. The average values of the metals in the human risk assessment for carcinogenicity were As > Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni > Co, with As above the recommended threshold in several locations. However, all of the metal hazard indices were < 1, indicating that the waters were suitable for domestic purposes. Nonetheless, the relevant authorities should mandate that pharmaceutical effluents be treated before being released into bodies of water.
摘要：
近年来，随着城市和工业的发展，潜在有毒元素（PTE）被广泛释放到环境中。大部分PTE是致癌的,并且通过产生自由基而危害人类健康。因此,监控至关重要，评估，限制元素对人体健康的影响。在这项研究中,PTE水平(As，Cr,Cd,Ni,Co,和Pb）在Ilorin大都市周围的Asa河上排放的药物废水中，并评估了它们的季节性变化。在沿河的两个季节中，从八个不同位置收集了水样，并使用原子吸收分光光度法和电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱仪分析了PTE。As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Ni,和Co在流出物（两个季节）中的平均PTE值为0.0258、0.0233、0.00193、0.0176和0.0164mg/L，分别,As和Pb超过WHO标准。测量了雨季物理化学参数的最高温度和pH值，而电导率和总溶解固体在旱季可见。人类致癌性风险评估中金属的平均值为As>Cd>Pb>Cr>Ni>Co，在几个位置都高于建议的阈值。然而,所有金属危害指数均<1，表明该水域适合家庭用途。尽管如此，有关当局应授权药物流出物在释放到水体之前进行处理。
