PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The generic term \"Gill disease\" refers to a wide range of disorders that affect the gills and severely impact salmonid aquaculture systems worldwide. In rainbow trout freshwater aquaculture, various etiological agents causing gill diseases have been described, particularly Flavobacterium and Amoeba species, but research studies suggest a more complex and multifactorial aetiology. Here, a cohort of rainbow trout affected by gill disease is monitored both through standard laboratory techniques and 16S rRNA Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis during a natural disease outbreak and subsequent antibiotic treatment with Oxytetracycline. NGS results show a clear clustering of the samples between pre- and post-treatment based on the microbial community of the gills. Interestingly, the three main pathogenic bacteria species in rainbow trout (Yersinia ruckeri, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, and Flavobacterium branchiophilum) appear to be weak descriptors of the diversity between pre-treatment and post-treatment groups. In this study, the dynamics of the gill microbiome during the outbreak and subsequent treatment are far more complex than previously reported in the literature, and environmental factors seem of the utmost importance in determining gill disease. These findings present a potential novel perspective on the diagnosis and management of gill diseases, showing the limitations of conventional laboratory methodologies in elucidating the complexity of this disease in rainbow trout. To the authors\' knowledge, this work is the first to describe the microbiome of rainbow trout gills during a natural outbreak and subsequent antibiotic treatment. The results of this study suggest that NGS can play a critical role in the analysis and comprehension of gill pathology. Using NGS in future research is highly recommended to gain deeper insights into such diseases correlating gill\'s microbiome with other possible cofactors and establish strong prevention guidelines.
摘要：
通用术语“吉尔病”是指广泛的疾病，这些疾病会影响到ill并严重影响全世界的鲑鱼水产养殖系统。在虹鳟鱼淡水水产养殖中，已经描述了导致ill疾病的各种病因，特别是黄杆菌和变形虫，但是研究表明，病因更加复杂和多因素。这里,在自然疾病爆发和随后使用土霉素进行抗生素治疗期间,通过标准实验室技术和16SrRNA下一代测序(NGS)分析,对一组受g病影响的虹鳟鱼进行了监测.NGS结果显示基于g的微生物群落在处理前和后处理之间的样品的清晰聚类。有趣的是,虹鳟鱼中的三种主要致病菌（耶尔森氏菌，嗜冷黄杆菌,和嗜枝黄杆菌）似乎是治疗前和治疗后组间多样性的弱描述。在这项研究中,在爆发和随后的治疗过程中，g微生物组的动态远比文献中先前报道的复杂得多，和环境因素在确定ill病方面似乎至关重要。这些发现提供了一个潜在的新观点诊断和治疗的ill疾病，显示了常规实验室方法在阐明虹鳟鱼这种疾病的复杂性方面的局限性。就作者所知，这项工作首次描述了在自然爆发和随后的抗生素治疗期间虹鳟鱼g的微生物组。这项研究的结果表明，NGS可以在g病理学的分析和理解中发挥关键作用。强烈建议在未来的研究中使用NGS，以更深入地了解此类疾病，将ill的微生物组与其他可能的辅因子相关联，并建立强有力的预防指南。
