Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Higher prenatal testosterone exposure regulates brain development and affects learning and intelligence directly. The digit ratio (2D:4D) is regarded as an indicator of prenatal testosterone exposure. This study aims to investigate the 2D:4D ratios and intelligence levels in individuals with specific learning disorders (SLD) and compare the ratios with healthy subjects.
METHODS: The study included a total of 117 patients diagnosed with SLD and 67 healthy controls. We measured the 2D:4D ratios and administered the Wechsler-Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised to assess intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in the SLD group. Sociodemographic data was obtained for both patients and healthy subjects and compared in both groups, as well as 2D:4D ratios.
RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, both-hand 2D:4D ratios were found to be lower in the SLD group. In addition, male and female participants with SLD showed lower 2D:4D ratios in both hands than controls. The total scores on the WISC-R were found to decrease as the right-hand 2D:4D ratios and the age increased in the SLD group.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings add to the literature examining the influence of prenatal testosterone exposure on learning and intelligence in the SLD sample. Further research in this domain may yield valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications for the management of SLDs examining additional variables that could potentially impact alongside the impact of sex hormones on brain development.
METHODS: The study included a total of 117 patients diagnosed with SLD and 67 healthy controls. We measured the 2D:4D ratios and administered the Wechsler-Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised to assess intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in the SLD group. Sociodemographic data was obtained for both patients and healthy subjects and compared in both groups, as well as 2D:4D ratios.
RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, both-hand 2D:4D ratios were found to be lower in the SLD group. In addition, male and female participants with SLD showed lower 2D:4D ratios in both hands than controls. The total scores on the WISC-R were found to decrease as the right-hand 2D:4D ratios and the age increased in the SLD group.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings add to the literature examining the influence of prenatal testosterone exposure on learning and intelligence in the SLD sample. Further research in this domain may yield valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications for the management of SLDs examining additional variables that could potentially impact alongside the impact of sex hormones on brain development.
摘要：
背景：较高的产前睾酮暴露调节大脑发育并直接影响学习和智力。数字比率(2D:4D)被认为是产前睾酮暴露的指标。这项研究旨在调查患有特定学习障碍（SLD）的个体的2D：4D比率和智力水平，并将其与健康受试者进行比较。
方法：本研究共纳入117例诊断为SLD的患者和67例健康对照。我们测量了2D：4D比率，并实施了韦氏儿童智力量表修订版，以评估SLD组的智商（IQ）得分。获得了患者和健康受试者的社会人口统计学数据，并在两组中进行了比较。以及2D：4D比率。
结果：与健康对照组相比，在SLD组中发现双向2D:4D比率较低。此外,男性和女性SLD参与者的双手2D:4D比率低于对照组。在SLD组中，随着右手2D：4D比率和年龄的增加，WISC-R的总分降低。
结论：我们的研究结果为研究产前睾酮暴露对SLD样本中学习和智力影响的文献提供了补充。该领域的进一步研究可能会对SLD的管理的潜在机制和潜在的临床意义产生有价值的见解，这些变量可能会影响性激素对大脑发育的影响。
方法：本研究共纳入117例诊断为SLD的患者和67例健康对照。我们测量了2D：4D比率，并实施了韦氏儿童智力量表修订版，以评估SLD组的智商（IQ）得分。获得了患者和健康受试者的社会人口统计学数据，并在两组中进行了比较。以及2D：4D比率。
结果：与健康对照组相比，在SLD组中发现双向2D:4D比率较低。此外,男性和女性SLD参与者的双手2D:4D比率低于对照组。在SLD组中，随着右手2D：4D比率和年龄的增加，WISC-R的总分降低。
结论：我们的研究结果为研究产前睾酮暴露对SLD样本中学习和智力影响的文献提供了补充。该领域的进一步研究可能会对SLD的管理的潜在机制和潜在的临床意义产生有价值的见解，这些变量可能会影响性激素对大脑发育的影响。
