Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become increasingly prevalent worldwide and is recognized as a significant public health concern because of its negative consequences on individuals mental and physical health, social relationships, academic performance and overall well-being. While research on IGD has gained significant momentum in the past decade, the neural substrates underlying this disorder remains unclear. This study aims to investigate resting-state cortical activation in male subjects with IGD using a concurrent functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) hybrid system.
METHODS: Twenty-two male individuals with IGD (18-23 years old) and twenty-two male healthy, age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Mean oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and whole head neural activity were measured using fNIRS and EEG respectively, during eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions at the resting state. EEG signals were decomposed into distinct frequency sub-bands with wavelet transform, followed by the analysis of the power spectral density within each band. Mean oxygenation of PFC is measured using a multichannel fNIRS system.
RESULTS: Results revealed that the individuals with IGD had significantly higher beta power in the frontal region compared to the control group. Individuals with IGD showed significantly increased PFC oxygenation compared to healthy controls. Additionally, both frontal beta power and PFC oxygenation were significantly correlated with IGD severity. However, there were no significant correlations observed between oxygenation and beta powers.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to examine resting-state cortical activation using multimodal EEG-fNIRS system in young adults with IGD. Moreover, it provides an important contribution to the understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms of IGD and offer new insights for the diagnosis and intervention of the disorder using multimodal EEG-fNIRS system. Further studies should aim to replicate the findings of this study using a larger and more culturally diverse sample to support the neurophysiological basis of IGD.
METHODS: Twenty-two male individuals with IGD (18-23 years old) and twenty-two male healthy, age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Mean oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and whole head neural activity were measured using fNIRS and EEG respectively, during eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions at the resting state. EEG signals were decomposed into distinct frequency sub-bands with wavelet transform, followed by the analysis of the power spectral density within each band. Mean oxygenation of PFC is measured using a multichannel fNIRS system.
RESULTS: Results revealed that the individuals with IGD had significantly higher beta power in the frontal region compared to the control group. Individuals with IGD showed significantly increased PFC oxygenation compared to healthy controls. Additionally, both frontal beta power and PFC oxygenation were significantly correlated with IGD severity. However, there were no significant correlations observed between oxygenation and beta powers.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to examine resting-state cortical activation using multimodal EEG-fNIRS system in young adults with IGD. Moreover, it provides an important contribution to the understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms of IGD and offer new insights for the diagnosis and intervention of the disorder using multimodal EEG-fNIRS system. Further studies should aim to replicate the findings of this study using a larger and more culturally diverse sample to support the neurophysiological basis of IGD.
摘要：
背景：网络游戏障碍（IGD）已在全球范围内日益普遍，并被认为是一个重要的公共卫生问题，因为它对个人的心理和身体健康产生了负面影响，社会关系,学业成绩和整体幸福感。虽然IGD的研究在过去十年中获得了巨大的势头，这种疾病背后的神经底物尚不清楚.本研究旨在使用并发功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）和脑电图（EEG）混合系统研究IGD男性受试者的静息态皮层激活。
方法：22名男性IGD患者（18-23岁）和22名男性健康，年龄匹配的健康对照纳入研究.使用fNIRS和EEG分别测量前额叶皮层（PFC）的平均氧合和整个头部神经活动，在休息状态下睁眼和闭眼的情况下。利用小波变换将脑电信号分解为不同的子频带,然后分析每个波段内的功率谱密度。使用多通道fNIRS系统测量PFC的平均氧合。
结果：结果显示，与对照组相比，患有IGD的个体在额叶区域的β功率明显更高。与健康对照相比,患有IGD的个体显示显著增加的PFC氧合。此外,额叶β功率和PFC氧合与IGD严重程度显著相关.然而,在氧合和β功率之间没有观察到显著的相关性.
结论：本研究首次使用多模式EEG-fNIRS系统在年轻IGD患者中检查静息态皮层激活。此外，它为理解IGD的潜在神经机制提供了重要贡献，并为使用多模式EEG-fNIRS系统进行疾病的诊断和干预提供了新的见解。进一步的研究应旨在使用更大，更具文化多样性的样本来复制本研究的发现，以支持IGD的神经生理学基础。
方法：22名男性IGD患者（18-23岁）和22名男性健康，年龄匹配的健康对照纳入研究.使用fNIRS和EEG分别测量前额叶皮层（PFC）的平均氧合和整个头部神经活动，在休息状态下睁眼和闭眼的情况下。利用小波变换将脑电信号分解为不同的子频带,然后分析每个波段内的功率谱密度。使用多通道fNIRS系统测量PFC的平均氧合。
结果：结果显示，与对照组相比，患有IGD的个体在额叶区域的β功率明显更高。与健康对照相比,患有IGD的个体显示显著增加的PFC氧合。此外,额叶β功率和PFC氧合与IGD严重程度显著相关.然而,在氧合和β功率之间没有观察到显著的相关性.
结论：本研究首次使用多模式EEG-fNIRS系统在年轻IGD患者中检查静息态皮层激活。此外，它为理解IGD的潜在神经机制提供了重要贡献，并为使用多模式EEG-fNIRS系统进行疾病的诊断和干预提供了新的见解。进一步的研究应旨在使用更大，更具文化多样性的样本来复制本研究的发现，以支持IGD的神经生理学基础。
