Abstract：
High temperatures and drought present significant abiotic challenges that can limit the survival of many arthropods, including wolf spiders, which are ectothermic and play a crucial role in controlling pest populations. However, the impact of these stress factors on the microbiota of spiders remains poorly understood. In this study, we utilized 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the diversity and composition of bacterial communities within Pardosa pseudoannulata under conditions of high temperature and drought stress. We found that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant bacterial phyla present. Analyses of alpha diversity indicated an increase in bacterial diversity under combined stress conditions, as reflected by various diversity indices such as Ace, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis highlighted intricate interactions among the microbial taxa (e.g., Enterobacter, Chitinophaga, and Eubacterium), revealing the adaptive complexity of the spider\'s microbiome to environmental stress. Functional prediction analysis suggested that combined stress conditions might enhance key metabolic pathways, particularly those related to oxidative phosphorylation and amino acid metabolism. Using Random Forest analysis, we determined that changes in three heat shock proteins were largely attributed to variations in bacterial communities, with Firmicutes being notably influential. Collectively, this in-depth analysis offers novel insights into the responses of microbial communities within spider microbiomes to combined abiotic stresses, providing valuable information for understanding extreme climate impacts and informing ecological management strategies.
摘要：
高温和干旱带来了重大的非生物挑战，可能会限制许多节肢动物的生存。包括狼蜘蛛,它们是放热的，在控制害虫种群中起着至关重要的作用。然而,这些应激因素对蜘蛛微生物群的影响仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们利用16SrRNA基因测序来探索高温和干旱胁迫条件下Pardosapseudoannulata细菌群落的多样性和组成。我们发现Firmicutes,拟杆菌,和变形杆菌是存在的主要细菌门。对α多样性的分析表明，在复合胁迫条件下细菌多样性增加，如Ace等各种多样性指数所反映的，Chao1,Shannon,和辛普森。此外，共现网络分析强调了微生物类群之间复杂的相互作用(例如，肠杆菌,Chitinophaga,和Eubacterium)，揭示了蜘蛛微生物群对环境压力的适应性复杂性。功能预测分析表明，联合应激条件可能会增强关键的代谢途径，特别是那些与氧化磷酸化和氨基酸代谢有关的。使用随机森林分析，我们确定三种热休克蛋白的变化主要归因于细菌群落的变化，Firmicutes尤其有影响力。总的来说，这种深入的分析提供了对蜘蛛微生物群内微生物群落对复合非生物胁迫的反应的新见解，为了解极端气候影响和生态管理策略提供有价值的信息。
