热应力(HS)对乳制品行业构成了重大挑战,导致牛奶产量减少,生殖性能受损,损害了动物福利。因此,了解细胞对HS反应的分子机制对于制定有效的策略以减轻其不利影响至关重要.热休克蛋白70(HSP70)已成为参与奶牛细胞耐热性的潜在参与者。本文综述了HSP70作为分子伴侣在HS条件下奶牛细胞耐热性中的作用。HSP70促进适当的蛋白质折叠并防止变性蛋白的聚集。通过与错误折叠的蛋白质结合,它有助于维持蛋白质稳态,并防止HS期间受损蛋白质的积累。此外,HSP70与各种调节蛋白和信号通路相互作用,有助于对HS的细胞自适应反应。HSP70表达的上调是由一个涉及热休克因子(HSF)的复杂网络调节的。热休克元件结合蛋白,和HSF联合监护人。因此,由于HSP70在维持细胞平衡方面的作用,因此具有成为组织应激有用指标的潜力。当它在内部和外部细胞响应压力时被释放。传统的测量血液样本中HSP70的方法是劳动密集型的,并且该过程对动物有潜在的压力,并可能随后影响结果。因此,测量牛奶中的HSP表达已显示出一种简单的希望,非侵入性,和准确的方法检测奶牛的HS。监测牛奶中的HSP70水平可以作为一种辅助方法来识别个别奶牛的HS或HS抗性。选择合适的动物并指导有针对性的管理策略。然而,尽管使用HSP70作为监测奶牛HS的生物标志物具有潜在的优势,标准化测量协议仍然存在挑战,建立特定物种的参考范围,解决个体间的差异,并确定HS引起的HSP70变化的特异性。未来的研究应该集中在开发用于HSP70检测的非侵入性技术,考虑到气候条件,并解开涉及HSP70的分子相互作用和调控网络。
Heat stress (HS) poses significant challenges to the dairy industry, resulting in reduced milk production, impaired reproductive performance, and compromised animal welfare. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular responses to HS is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate its adverse effects. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has emerged as a potential player involved in cellular thermotolerance in dairy cows. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of HSP70 as a molecular chaperone in cellular thermotolerance in dairy cows under HS. HSP70 facilitates proper protein folding and prevents the aggregation of denatured proteins. By binding to misfolded proteins, it helps maintain protein homeostasis and prevents the accumulation of damaged proteins during HS. Additionally, HSP70 interacts with various regulatory proteins and signaling pathways, contributing to the cellular adaptive response to HS. The upregulation of HSP70 expression in response to HS is regulated by a complex network involving heat-shock factors (HSFs), heat-shock element-binding proteins, and HSF co-chaperones. Therefore, HSP70 holds the potential to be a useful indicator of tissue stress due to its role in maintaining cellular balance, and as it is released both inside and outside cells in response to stress. Traditional methods of measuring HSP70 in blood samples are labor-intensive, and with the process being potentially stressful for the animals and may subsequently affect the results. Therefore, measuring HSP expression in cow\'s milk has shown promise as an easy, non-invasive, and accurate way to detect HS in dairy cows. Monitoring HSP70 levels in milk can be applied as a supplementary approach to identify HS or HS resistance of individual cows, selection of suitable animals and to guide targeted management strategies. However, despite the potential advantages of using HSP70 as a biomarker for monitoring HS on dairy cows, challenges remain in standardizing measurement protocols, establishing species-specific reference ranges, addressing inter-individual variations, and determining the specificity of changes in HSP70 due to HS. Future research should focus on developing non-invasive techniques for HSP70 detection, with consideration of climatic conditions, and unravelling the molecular interactions and regulatory networks involving HSP70.