Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: The role of forensic pathologists is pivotal in definitively diagnosing drowning cases. Further differentiation becomes essential for distinguishing between freshwater drowning (FWD) and saltwater drowning (SWD). Aquaporins are small integral membrane proteins that serve as major water transport pathways in various cell types. AQP4 appears to be involved in mechanisms related to cerebral volume regulation. Our study aims to examine the expression of AQP4 in the brain as a potential marker for differentiating between FWD and SWD relating to autopsy-performing timing.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 23 cases were classified into three groups: FWD, SWD, and controls. All samples were classified upon autopsy-performing timing into two subgroups: within and after 72 hours of death. The samples were then processed for histological and immunohistochemical investigations.
UNASSIGNED: For autopsies performed within 72 hours of death, we found a significantly higher value of AQP4-positive astrocytes in cases of FWD compared to SWD and control groups. We also found a significantly lower AQP4 expression in SWD cases compared to the control group. For autopsies conducted after 72 hours, the immunohistochemical staining does not reveal the peripheral terminations of astrocytes, which appear blurred and only recognizable as halos. In conclusion, the data aligns with existing literature about autopsies performed within 72 hours. However, in autopsies conducted after 72 hours, uncertain and even opposed results are observed. The difference can be ascribed to the post-mortem transformative processes that take place upon the cessation of vital functions.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 23 cases were classified into three groups: FWD, SWD, and controls. All samples were classified upon autopsy-performing timing into two subgroups: within and after 72 hours of death. The samples were then processed for histological and immunohistochemical investigations.
UNASSIGNED: For autopsies performed within 72 hours of death, we found a significantly higher value of AQP4-positive astrocytes in cases of FWD compared to SWD and control groups. We also found a significantly lower AQP4 expression in SWD cases compared to the control group. For autopsies conducted after 72 hours, the immunohistochemical staining does not reveal the peripheral terminations of astrocytes, which appear blurred and only recognizable as halos. In conclusion, the data aligns with existing literature about autopsies performed within 72 hours. However, in autopsies conducted after 72 hours, uncertain and even opposed results are observed. The difference can be ascribed to the post-mortem transformative processes that take place upon the cessation of vital functions.
摘要：
■法医病理学家在明确诊断溺水病例中的作用至关重要。进一步区分淡水溺水（FWD）和盐水溺水（SWD）至关重要。水通道蛋白是小的整合膜蛋白，在各种细胞类型中充当主要的水运输途径。AQP4似乎参与了与脑容量调节相关的机制。我们的研究旨在检查AQP4在大脑中的表达，作为与尸检进行时间相关的FWD和SWD之间的区别的潜在标志物。
■共23例分为三组：FWD，SWD,和控制。在进行尸检时，将所有样品分为两个亚组：死亡72小时之内和之后。然后处理样品用于组织学和免疫组织化学研究。
■对于在死亡后72小时内进行的尸检，我们发现,与SWD组和对照组相比,FWD病例中AQP4阳性星形胶质细胞的值显著较高.我们还发现与对照组相比，SWD病例中的AQP4表达显着降低。对于72小时后进行的尸检，免疫组织化学染色不能显示星形胶质细胞的外周终止，看起来模糊，只能识别为光环。总之,这些数据与现有的72小时内进行尸检的文献一致.然而,在72小时后进行的尸检中，观察到不确定甚至相反的结果。差异可以归因于生命功能停止后发生的事后转化过程。
■共23例分为三组：FWD，SWD,和控制。在进行尸检时，将所有样品分为两个亚组：死亡72小时之内和之后。然后处理样品用于组织学和免疫组织化学研究。
■对于在死亡后72小时内进行的尸检，我们发现,与SWD组和对照组相比,FWD病例中AQP4阳性星形胶质细胞的值显著较高.我们还发现与对照组相比，SWD病例中的AQP4表达显着降低。对于72小时后进行的尸检，免疫组织化学染色不能显示星形胶质细胞的外周终止，看起来模糊，只能识别为光环。总之,这些数据与现有的72小时内进行尸检的文献一致.然而,在72小时后进行的尸检中，观察到不确定甚至相反的结果。差异可以归因于生命功能停止后发生的事后转化过程。
