PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) should be a culture of a workplace, and deeply rooted in worker behavior and attitude during their practice. According to the recent studies only 64% of the workers use PPE properly. The present study aims to investigate the utilization of PPE among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and its relationship with knowledge, attitude, performance, and safety culture among workers.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire tool across SMEs in Kashan city in year 2023. The used tool included three questionnaires: demographic, safety culture, and knowledge, attitude and performance. Study papulation was 529 SMEs. Totally, the sample size was 369 persons and questionnaires were distributed among the workers of SMEs. Finally, SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and structural equation modeling. Various statistical tests including T-Test, ANOVA, RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and the chi-square ratio were employed.
RESULTS: The mean values (standard deviation) of age and work experience were 35.19 (12.33), and 15.60 (1.69) years, respectively. Among the 369 participants, 267 participants (72.4%) indicated that they use some PPE, although not all types. However, 102 individuals (27.7%) do not employ any PPE. The lowest score for safety culture dimension was attributed to safety training at 1.58. The results of the final model indicate that the assumed relationships between variables, as outlined in the study objectives, were well established, with all connections proving statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the missing of inadequate legal supervision for small industries exists. Therefore, it can be inferred that if supervision and regulation are enhanced for safety training and implementation that may lead to increased usage of PPE.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire tool across SMEs in Kashan city in year 2023. The used tool included three questionnaires: demographic, safety culture, and knowledge, attitude and performance. Study papulation was 529 SMEs. Totally, the sample size was 369 persons and questionnaires were distributed among the workers of SMEs. Finally, SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and structural equation modeling. Various statistical tests including T-Test, ANOVA, RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and the chi-square ratio were employed.
RESULTS: The mean values (standard deviation) of age and work experience were 35.19 (12.33), and 15.60 (1.69) years, respectively. Among the 369 participants, 267 participants (72.4%) indicated that they use some PPE, although not all types. However, 102 individuals (27.7%) do not employ any PPE. The lowest score for safety culture dimension was attributed to safety training at 1.58. The results of the final model indicate that the assumed relationships between variables, as outlined in the study objectives, were well established, with all connections proving statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the missing of inadequate legal supervision for small industries exists. Therefore, it can be inferred that if supervision and regulation are enhanced for safety training and implementation that may lead to increased usage of PPE.
摘要：
背景：个人防护设备（PPE）的使用应该是工作场所的一种文化，并深深扎根于工人在实践中的行为和态度。根据最近的研究，只有64％的工人正确使用PPE。本研究旨在调查中小型企业(SME)工人对PPE的利用情况，以及它与知识的关系，态度,性能，和工人的安全文化。
方法：这项横断面研究是在2023年在喀山市的中小企业中使用问卷调查工具进行的。使用的工具包括三个问卷：人口统计，安全文化,和知识，态度和表现。研究发现529家中小企业。完全正确,样本人数为369人，问卷分发给中小企业工人。最后,采用SPSS软件进行统计分析和结构方程建模。各种统计检验，包括T检验，方差分析,RMSEA,CFI,TLI,并采用卡方比。
结果：年龄和工作经验的平均值（标准偏差）为35.19（12.33），和15.60（1.69）年，分别。在369名参与者中，267名参与者(72.4%)表示他们使用了一些个人防护用品，虽然不是所有类型。然而,102人（27.7％）不使用任何PPE。安全文化维度的最低得分归因于1.58的安全培训。最终模型的结果表明，变量之间的假设关系，正如研究目标中概述的那样，建立得很好，所有联系都证明具有统计学意义。
结论：可以得出结论，对小行业的法律监督缺失。因此,可以推断，如果加强对安全培训和实施的监督和监管，可能会导致PPE的使用增加。
方法：这项横断面研究是在2023年在喀山市的中小企业中使用问卷调查工具进行的。使用的工具包括三个问卷：人口统计，安全文化,和知识，态度和表现。研究发现529家中小企业。完全正确,样本人数为369人，问卷分发给中小企业工人。最后,采用SPSS软件进行统计分析和结构方程建模。各种统计检验，包括T检验，方差分析,RMSEA,CFI,TLI,并采用卡方比。
结果：年龄和工作经验的平均值（标准偏差）为35.19（12.33），和15.60（1.69）年，分别。在369名参与者中，267名参与者(72.4%)表示他们使用了一些个人防护用品，虽然不是所有类型。然而,102人（27.7％）不使用任何PPE。安全文化维度的最低得分归因于1.58的安全培训。最终模型的结果表明，变量之间的假设关系，正如研究目标中概述的那样，建立得很好，所有联系都证明具有统计学意义。
结论：可以得出结论，对小行业的法律监督缺失。因此,可以推断，如果加强对安全培训和实施的监督和监管，可能会导致PPE的使用增加。
