PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Excessive smartphone usage among students can lead to discomfort in their hands and fingers. This study investigates the impact of smartphone holding posture, duration of usage, and the prevalence of wrist and finger pain among university students.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 213 university students who were selected based on inclusion criteria. Data was collected through a demographic information questionnaire. Participants self-reported five different postures for holding and interacting with a smartphone. The prevalence, frequency, severity, and interference of wrist and finger discomfort were assessed using the Cornell Hand Discomfort Questionnaires (CHDQ).
RESULTS: The study revealed that the average age of participants was 21.3 ± 2.2 years. On average, they had been using smartphones for 7.9 ± 3.1 years and spent an average of 4.9 ± 2.5 h daily holding them in their hands. In terms of discomfort, more than 25% of students reported pain in areas C (thumb finger), E (Palm Pollicis), and F (wrist) of the right hand, which was significantly related to the duration of holding the smartphone in that hand. Additionally, smartphone holding duration significantly affected areas D (palm) and F of the left hand, with over 11% of students experiencing discomfort. The most prevalent posture among students (41% of participants) involved holding the smartphone with the right hand only, with the thumb touching the screen. Notably, areas B (χ2 = 21.7), C (χ2 = 10.27), D (χ2 = 65.54), and E (χ2 = 59.49) of the right hand, as well as areas C (χ2 = 6.58) and E (χ2 = 44.28) of the left hand, exhibited significant associations with the postures of holding the smartphone.
CONCLUSIONS: The duration of smartphone use and the postures in which it is held contribute to the prevalence of discomfort in the thumb area and related muscles among right-handed students.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 213 university students who were selected based on inclusion criteria. Data was collected through a demographic information questionnaire. Participants self-reported five different postures for holding and interacting with a smartphone. The prevalence, frequency, severity, and interference of wrist and finger discomfort were assessed using the Cornell Hand Discomfort Questionnaires (CHDQ).
RESULTS: The study revealed that the average age of participants was 21.3 ± 2.2 years. On average, they had been using smartphones for 7.9 ± 3.1 years and spent an average of 4.9 ± 2.5 h daily holding them in their hands. In terms of discomfort, more than 25% of students reported pain in areas C (thumb finger), E (Palm Pollicis), and F (wrist) of the right hand, which was significantly related to the duration of holding the smartphone in that hand. Additionally, smartphone holding duration significantly affected areas D (palm) and F of the left hand, with over 11% of students experiencing discomfort. The most prevalent posture among students (41% of participants) involved holding the smartphone with the right hand only, with the thumb touching the screen. Notably, areas B (χ2 = 21.7), C (χ2 = 10.27), D (χ2 = 65.54), and E (χ2 = 59.49) of the right hand, as well as areas C (χ2 = 6.58) and E (χ2 = 44.28) of the left hand, exhibited significant associations with the postures of holding the smartphone.
CONCLUSIONS: The duration of smartphone use and the postures in which it is held contribute to the prevalence of discomfort in the thumb area and related muscles among right-handed students.
摘要：
背景：学生过度使用智能手机会导致他们的手和手指不适。这项研究调查了智能手机握持姿势的影响，使用期限,以及大学生腕部和手指疼痛的患病率。
方法：这项横断面研究涉及213名根据纳入标准选择的大学生。数据是通过人口统计信息问卷收集的。参与者自我报告了五种不同的姿势来保持和与智能手机互动。患病率,频率,严重程度,使用康奈尔手部不适问卷（CHDQ）评估手腕和手指不适的干扰。
结果：研究显示参与者的平均年龄为21.3±2.2岁。平均而言,他们已经使用智能手机7.9±3.1年，平均每天拿在手中4.9±2.5小时。在不适方面,超过25%的学生报告C区(拇指指)疼痛，E（棕榈Pollicis），右手的F（手腕），这与手持智能手机的持续时间密切相关。此外,智能手机握持持续时间显著影响左手的区域D(手掌)和F，超过11%的学生感到不适。学生中最普遍的姿势（41％的参与者）涉及仅用右手握住智能手机，拇指触摸屏幕。值得注意的是,区域B（χ2=21.7），C（χ2=10.27），D(χ2=65.54),右手的E（χ2=59.49），以及左手的区域C（χ2=6.58）和E（χ2=44.28），与拿着智能手机的姿势表现出显著的关联。
结论：使用智能手机的持续时间和持有智能手机的姿势导致惯用右手的学生拇指区域和相关肌肉不适的患病率。
方法：这项横断面研究涉及213名根据纳入标准选择的大学生。数据是通过人口统计信息问卷收集的。参与者自我报告了五种不同的姿势来保持和与智能手机互动。患病率,频率,严重程度,使用康奈尔手部不适问卷（CHDQ）评估手腕和手指不适的干扰。
结果：研究显示参与者的平均年龄为21.3±2.2岁。平均而言,他们已经使用智能手机7.9±3.1年，平均每天拿在手中4.9±2.5小时。在不适方面,超过25%的学生报告C区(拇指指)疼痛，E（棕榈Pollicis），右手的F（手腕），这与手持智能手机的持续时间密切相关。此外,智能手机握持持续时间显著影响左手的区域D(手掌)和F，超过11%的学生感到不适。学生中最普遍的姿势（41％的参与者）涉及仅用右手握住智能手机，拇指触摸屏幕。值得注意的是,区域B（χ2=21.7），C（χ2=10.27），D(χ2=65.54),右手的E（χ2=59.49），以及左手的区域C（χ2=6.58）和E（χ2=44.28），与拿着智能手机的姿势表现出显著的关联。
结论：使用智能手机的持续时间和持有智能手机的姿势导致惯用右手的学生拇指区域和相关肌肉不适的患病率。
