Abstract：
Evaluate the impact of a \"fast\" crystallization and simultaneous-glazing on the physicochemical properties of lithium-disilicate CAD/CAM-ceramic.
Lithium-disilicate bars and crowns (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar-Vivadent) were divided into four groups (n = 30): WG/F (WG=with glaze/F=fast crystallization), NG/F (NG=no glaze), WG/C (C=conventional crystallization), and NG/C. A liquid/powder glaze system was used (IPS Ivocolor®, Ivoclar-Vivadent). Specimens were crystallized (Programat P310, Ivoclar-Vivadent) using the P161 program for C (approx. 20-25 min), and P165 for F (approx. 14-16 min). Bars (n = 30) underwent three-point bending tests (flexural strength-FS in MPa and modulus of elasticity-E in GPa) using a universal testing machine. Crowns were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after selective etching, and to Raman, FTIR-ATR, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies to assess chemical composition.
For FS, both factors/interaction were statistically significant. C (427.48±42.41 MPa) showed significantly higher values than F (409.82±38.82 MPa). WG (398.32±29.80 MPa) exhibited significantly lower FS than NG (438.21±41.77 MPa). For E data, both factors/interaction were significant. NG (90.28±14.71 GPa) displayed higher E than WG (83.07±5.69 GPa), while C (90.08±12.98 GPa) exhibited higher E than F (83.46±9.40 GPa). NG/C showed the best results for both variables. F groups showed (SEM) porous surfaces and crack-like marks on crystals. FTIR, Raman and XRD spectra confirmed the typical composition of a lithium-disilicate glass ceramic, and some attenuated signals and structural variations (XRD) in WG.
\"Fast\" crystallization and simultaneous-glazing produced weaker/less-rigid structures with irregular crystals and glassy phases. Simultaneous glazing may have hindered proper thermal distribution during crystallization.
\"Fast\" crystallization and simultaneous glazing with non-recommended systems, can adversely affect the final properties of lithium disilicate restorations.
Lithium-disilicate bars and crowns (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar-Vivadent) were divided into four groups (n = 30): WG/F (WG=with glaze/F=fast crystallization), NG/F (NG=no glaze), WG/C (C=conventional crystallization), and NG/C. A liquid/powder glaze system was used (IPS Ivocolor®, Ivoclar-Vivadent). Specimens were crystallized (Programat P310, Ivoclar-Vivadent) using the P161 program for C (approx. 20-25 min), and P165 for F (approx. 14-16 min). Bars (n = 30) underwent three-point bending tests (flexural strength-FS in MPa and modulus of elasticity-E in GPa) using a universal testing machine. Crowns were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after selective etching, and to Raman, FTIR-ATR, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies to assess chemical composition.
For FS, both factors/interaction were statistically significant. C (427.48±42.41 MPa) showed significantly higher values than F (409.82±38.82 MPa). WG (398.32±29.80 MPa) exhibited significantly lower FS than NG (438.21±41.77 MPa). For E data, both factors/interaction were significant. NG (90.28±14.71 GPa) displayed higher E than WG (83.07±5.69 GPa), while C (90.08±12.98 GPa) exhibited higher E than F (83.46±9.40 GPa). NG/C showed the best results for both variables. F groups showed (SEM) porous surfaces and crack-like marks on crystals. FTIR, Raman and XRD spectra confirmed the typical composition of a lithium-disilicate glass ceramic, and some attenuated signals and structural variations (XRD) in WG.
\"Fast\" crystallization and simultaneous-glazing produced weaker/less-rigid structures with irregular crystals and glassy phases. Simultaneous glazing may have hindered proper thermal distribution during crystallization.
\"Fast\" crystallization and simultaneous glazing with non-recommended systems, can adversely affect the final properties of lithium disilicate restorations.
摘要：
目的：评估“快速”结晶和同时上釉对二硅酸锂CAD/CAM陶瓷理化性能的影响。
方法：二硅酸锂棒和冠(IPSe.maxCAD，Ivoclar-Vivadent）分为四组（n=30）：WG/F（WG=有釉/F=快速结晶），NG/F（NG=无釉），WG/C（C=常规结晶），和NG/C。使用液体/粉末釉系统(IPSIvocolor®，Ivoclar-Vivadent)。使用用于C的P161程序将样品结晶（ProgramatP310，Ivoclar-Vivadent）（约20-25分钟),和P165为F（约14-16分钟）。使用万能试验机对棒材（n=30）进行了三点弯曲测试（抗弯强度-FS，以MPa为单位，弹性模量-E，以GPa为单位）。选择蚀刻后通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析牙冠，还有拉曼，FTIR-ATR,和X射线衍射（XRD）光谱来评估化学成分。
结果：对于FS，这两个因素/交互作用均有统计学意义.C(427.48±42.41MPa)明显高于F(409.82±38.82MPa)。WG（398.32±29.80MPa）的FS明显低于NG（438.21±41.77MPa）。对于E数据，这两个因素/交互作用是显著的。NG(90.28±14.71GPa)显示E高于WG(83.07±5.69GPa),而C（90.08±12.98GPa）的E高于F（83.46±9.40GPa）。NG/C显示了两个变量的最佳结果。F组显示（SEM）多孔表面和晶体上的裂纹样痕迹。FTIR,拉曼光谱和XRD光谱证实了二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的典型组成，以及WG中一些衰减的信号和结构变化(XRD)。
结论：“快速”结晶和同时上釉产生了具有不规则晶体和玻璃相的较弱/刚性较低的结构。同时的玻璃窗可能阻碍了结晶过程中的适当热分布。
结论：“快速”结晶和同时使用非推荐系统的玻璃，会对焦硅酸锂修复体的最终性能产生不利影响。
方法：二硅酸锂棒和冠(IPSe.maxCAD，Ivoclar-Vivadent）分为四组（n=30）：WG/F（WG=有釉/F=快速结晶），NG/F（NG=无釉），WG/C（C=常规结晶），和NG/C。使用液体/粉末釉系统(IPSIvocolor®，Ivoclar-Vivadent)。使用用于C的P161程序将样品结晶（ProgramatP310，Ivoclar-Vivadent）（约20-25分钟),和P165为F（约14-16分钟）。使用万能试验机对棒材（n=30）进行了三点弯曲测试（抗弯强度-FS，以MPa为单位，弹性模量-E，以GPa为单位）。选择蚀刻后通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析牙冠，还有拉曼，FTIR-ATR,和X射线衍射（XRD）光谱来评估化学成分。
结果：对于FS，这两个因素/交互作用均有统计学意义.C(427.48±42.41MPa)明显高于F(409.82±38.82MPa)。WG（398.32±29.80MPa）的FS明显低于NG（438.21±41.77MPa）。对于E数据，这两个因素/交互作用是显著的。NG(90.28±14.71GPa)显示E高于WG(83.07±5.69GPa),而C（90.08±12.98GPa）的E高于F（83.46±9.40GPa）。NG/C显示了两个变量的最佳结果。F组显示（SEM）多孔表面和晶体上的裂纹样痕迹。FTIR,拉曼光谱和XRD光谱证实了二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的典型组成，以及WG中一些衰减的信号和结构变化(XRD)。
结论：“快速”结晶和同时上釉产生了具有不规则晶体和玻璃相的较弱/刚性较低的结构。同时的玻璃窗可能阻碍了结晶过程中的适当热分布。
结论：“快速”结晶和同时使用非推荐系统的玻璃，会对焦硅酸锂修复体的最终性能产生不利影响。
