PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Younger age of migration is associated with higher risk of psychotic disorders but the relationship between age of migration and common mental disorders is less clear. This study investigates the association between age of migration and diagnosed common mental disorders among migrants living in Norway.
METHODS: Using national Norwegian register data from 2008 to 2019, we compared the odds of a common mental disorder diagnosis in healthcare services during early adulthood among non-migrants, descendants and migrants with different ages of migration and lengths of stay. We also investigated differences in the relationship for different migrant groups and for men and women.
RESULTS: Descendants and childhood migrants with ≥ 19 years in Norway had higher odds of common mental disorders than non-migrants, while those migrating during adolescence with ≥ 19 years in Norway had similar odds. Those migrating during emerging and early adulthood had lower odds. Overall among migrants, the relationship between age of migration and common mental disorders was more pronounced for migrants < 19 years in Norway than ≥ 19 years and for non-refugees compared with refugees, especially men.
CONCLUSIONS: Descendants and childhood migrants with long stays may have higher odds of common mental disorders due to the associated stress of growing up in a bicultural context compared with non-migrants. Age of migration has a negative association with diagnosed common mental disorders but much of this effect may attenuate over time. The effect appears weaker for refugees, and particularly refugee men, which may reflect higher levels of pre-migration trauma and stress associated with the asylum-seeking period for those arriving as adults. At the same time, migrants, especially those arriving as adults, experience barriers to care. This could also explain the particularly low odds of diagnosed common mental disorders among adult migrants, especially those with shorter stays.
METHODS: Using national Norwegian register data from 2008 to 2019, we compared the odds of a common mental disorder diagnosis in healthcare services during early adulthood among non-migrants, descendants and migrants with different ages of migration and lengths of stay. We also investigated differences in the relationship for different migrant groups and for men and women.
RESULTS: Descendants and childhood migrants with ≥ 19 years in Norway had higher odds of common mental disorders than non-migrants, while those migrating during adolescence with ≥ 19 years in Norway had similar odds. Those migrating during emerging and early adulthood had lower odds. Overall among migrants, the relationship between age of migration and common mental disorders was more pronounced for migrants < 19 years in Norway than ≥ 19 years and for non-refugees compared with refugees, especially men.
CONCLUSIONS: Descendants and childhood migrants with long stays may have higher odds of common mental disorders due to the associated stress of growing up in a bicultural context compared with non-migrants. Age of migration has a negative association with diagnosed common mental disorders but much of this effect may attenuate over time. The effect appears weaker for refugees, and particularly refugee men, which may reflect higher levels of pre-migration trauma and stress associated with the asylum-seeking period for those arriving as adults. At the same time, migrants, especially those arriving as adults, experience barriers to care. This could also explain the particularly low odds of diagnosed common mental disorders among adult migrants, especially those with shorter stays.
摘要：
背景：较年轻的迁移年龄与精神病的高风险相关，但迁移年龄与常见精神障碍之间的关系尚不清楚。这项研究调查了居住在挪威的移民中移民年龄与诊断出的常见精神障碍之间的关系。
方法：使用2008年至2019年的挪威国家登记数据，我们比较了非移民在成年早期医疗服务中常见精神障碍诊断的几率。移民年龄和逗留时间不同的后代和移民。我们还调查了不同移民群体以及男女关系的差异。
结果：挪威≥19岁的后代和儿童移民患常见精神障碍的几率高于非移民，而在挪威，青春期≥19岁的移民的几率相似。那些在新兴和成年早期迁移的人的几率较低。总的来说，在移民中，在挪威，年龄小于19岁的移民比19岁以上的移民和非难民与难民相比，移民年龄与常见精神障碍之间的关系更为明显。尤其是男人。
结论：与非移民相比，长期居住的后代和儿童移民可能由于在双文化环境中成长的相关压力而具有更高的常见精神障碍的几率。迁移年龄与诊断出的常见精神障碍呈负相关，但这种影响可能会随着时间的推移而减弱。难民的影响似乎较弱，尤其是难民，这可能反映了更高水平的移民前创伤和与成年抵达者的寻求庇护期相关的压力。同时,移民,尤其是那些成年的人，经历护理障碍。这也可以解释成年移民中诊断出常见精神障碍的几率特别低，尤其是那些停留时间较短的人。
方法：使用2008年至2019年的挪威国家登记数据，我们比较了非移民在成年早期医疗服务中常见精神障碍诊断的几率。移民年龄和逗留时间不同的后代和移民。我们还调查了不同移民群体以及男女关系的差异。
结果：挪威≥19岁的后代和儿童移民患常见精神障碍的几率高于非移民，而在挪威，青春期≥19岁的移民的几率相似。那些在新兴和成年早期迁移的人的几率较低。总的来说，在移民中，在挪威，年龄小于19岁的移民比19岁以上的移民和非难民与难民相比，移民年龄与常见精神障碍之间的关系更为明显。尤其是男人。
结论：与非移民相比，长期居住的后代和儿童移民可能由于在双文化环境中成长的相关压力而具有更高的常见精神障碍的几率。迁移年龄与诊断出的常见精神障碍呈负相关，但这种影响可能会随着时间的推移而减弱。难民的影响似乎较弱，尤其是难民，这可能反映了更高水平的移民前创伤和与成年抵达者的寻求庇护期相关的压力。同时,移民,尤其是那些成年的人，经历护理障碍。这也可以解释成年移民中诊断出常见精神障碍的几率特别低，尤其是那些停留时间较短的人。
