Abstract：
Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. Milk and dairy products are important sources of iodine in many countries. We aimed to review systematically the variation in milk‑iodine concentration between countries, seasons and farming practice. We searched online food composition tables and published literature for data since 2006. Milk‑iodine concentration was available for 34 countries (from 66 sources) and ranged from 5.5 to 49.9 μg/100 g (median 17.3 μg/100 g). Meta-analyses identified that iodine concentration is significantly higher in: (i) winter than summer milk (mean difference 5.97 μg/100 g; p = 0.001), and (ii) in conventional than in organic milk (mean difference 6.00 μg/100 g; p < 0.0001). Sub-group analysis showed that the difference between organic and conventional milk was only significant in summer (p = 0.0003). The seasonal variation in milk‑iodine concentration may affect iodine intake and status so should be considered in dietary surveys, and when assessing population iodine status.
摘要：
碘对甲状腺激素的产生至关重要。牛奶和乳制品是许多国家碘的重要来源。我们旨在系统地回顾各国之间牛奶碘浓度的变化，季节和耕作实践。自2006年以来，我们搜索了在线食品成分表和已发表的文献以获取数据。34个国家（来自66个来源）的牛奶碘浓度范围为5.5至49.9μg/100g（中位数为17.3μg/100g）。荟萃分析确定：（i）冬季牛奶的碘浓度明显高于夏季牛奶（平均差5.97μg/100g；p=0.001），和（ii）常规比有机牛奶（平均差6.00μg/100g；p<0.0001）。亚组分析表明，有机牛奶和常规牛奶之间的差异仅在夏季显着（p=0.0003）。牛奶碘浓度的季节性变化可能会影响碘的摄入量和状态，因此在饮食调查中应予以考虑。以及在评估人口碘状况时。
