Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Empathy is vital for quality nursing care in acute mental health settings. Although different explanations of mental illnesses shape mental health clinicians\' empathy towards people with mental illnesses, it is unclear how such findings translate to the culturally diverse nursing context.
OBJECTIVE: The study investigated nursing students\' empathy towards people with depression and their perceived clinical utility of biological and psychosocial explanations of depression in Australia and Singapore, focusing on two factors of cultural difference: relational mobility and cultural tightness.
METHODS: We used a cross-sectional research design with a repeated-measures component.
METHODS: The sample included 211 nursing students from Australia and Singapore. Participants were predominantly female (81 %), with ages ranging from 18 to 57 years (M = 26.51, SD = 7.61).
METHODS: Participants completed a vignette-based online questionnaire containing measures of empathy, perceived clinical utility, relational mobility, and cultural tightness.
RESULTS: Nursing students\' empathy in response to the biological and psychosocial explanations of depression differed in Australia (biological: M = 2.96, SD = 0.89, 95 % CI [2.80, 3.13]; psychosocial: M = 3.56, SD = 0.91, [3.39, 3.73]) but not in Singapore (biological: M = 3.05, SD = 0.91, [2.87, 3.23]; psychosocial: M = 3.25, SD = 0.93, [3.06, 3.43]). Relational mobility mediated cross-cultural variances in empathy, b = -0.16, SE = 0.06, 95 % CI [-0.29, -0.05], and perceptions of clinical utility, b = -0.08, SE = 0.05, [-0.20, -0.00], when depression was explained psychosocially.
CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students\' empathy and perceived clinical utility of explanations of depression are shaped differently across cultures in part due to relational mobility and cultural tightness. As such, embedding cultural awareness education in nursing curricula to address any culturally rooted biases towards people with mental illnesses may present a promising avenue to optimise nursing students\' empathy towards people with mental illnesses.
OBJECTIVE: The study investigated nursing students\' empathy towards people with depression and their perceived clinical utility of biological and psychosocial explanations of depression in Australia and Singapore, focusing on two factors of cultural difference: relational mobility and cultural tightness.
METHODS: We used a cross-sectional research design with a repeated-measures component.
METHODS: The sample included 211 nursing students from Australia and Singapore. Participants were predominantly female (81 %), with ages ranging from 18 to 57 years (M = 26.51, SD = 7.61).
METHODS: Participants completed a vignette-based online questionnaire containing measures of empathy, perceived clinical utility, relational mobility, and cultural tightness.
RESULTS: Nursing students\' empathy in response to the biological and psychosocial explanations of depression differed in Australia (biological: M = 2.96, SD = 0.89, 95 % CI [2.80, 3.13]; psychosocial: M = 3.56, SD = 0.91, [3.39, 3.73]) but not in Singapore (biological: M = 3.05, SD = 0.91, [2.87, 3.23]; psychosocial: M = 3.25, SD = 0.93, [3.06, 3.43]). Relational mobility mediated cross-cultural variances in empathy, b = -0.16, SE = 0.06, 95 % CI [-0.29, -0.05], and perceptions of clinical utility, b = -0.08, SE = 0.05, [-0.20, -0.00], when depression was explained psychosocially.
CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students\' empathy and perceived clinical utility of explanations of depression are shaped differently across cultures in part due to relational mobility and cultural tightness. As such, embedding cultural awareness education in nursing curricula to address any culturally rooted biases towards people with mental illnesses may present a promising avenue to optimise nursing students\' empathy towards people with mental illnesses.
摘要：
背景：共情对于急性心理健康环境中的优质护理至关重要。尽管对精神疾病的不同解释塑造了心理健康临床医生对精神疾病患者的同情，目前尚不清楚这些发现如何转化为不同文化的护理背景.
目的：这项研究调查了澳大利亚和新加坡的护理专业学生对抑郁症患者的同情心以及他们对抑郁症的生物学和心理社会解释的感知临床效用，关注文化差异的两个因素:关系流动性和文化紧密度。
方法：我们使用了具有重复测量组件的横截面研究设计。
方法：样本包括来自澳大利亚和新加坡的211名护理专业学生。参与者主要是女性（81%），年龄从18岁到57岁（M=26.51，SD=7.61）。
方法：参与者完成了一份基于小插图的在线问卷，其中包含同理心的测量，感知的临床效用，关系流动性，和文化紧密。
结果：护理学生对抑郁症的生物学和心理社会解释的反应在澳大利亚有所不同（生物学：M=2.96，SD=0.89，95％CI[2.80，3.13]；心理社会：M=3.56，SD=0.91，[3.39，3.73]），但新加坡则没有（生物学：M=3.05，SD=0.91，[2.87，SD3.06，3.23关系流动性介导了移情中的跨文化差异，b=-0.16，SE=0.06，95%CI[-0.29，-0.05]，以及对临床效用的看法，b=-0.08，SE=0.05，[-0.20，-0.00]，当抑郁症被社会心理解释时。
结论：护理专业学生对抑郁症解释的移情和感知的临床效用在不同的文化中形成了不同的形状，部分原因是关系流动性和文化紧绷性。因此，在护理课程中嵌入文化意识教育，以解决任何文化上根深蒂固的对精神疾病患者的偏见，可能是一个有希望的途径，以优化护理学生对精神疾病患者的同理心。
目的：这项研究调查了澳大利亚和新加坡的护理专业学生对抑郁症患者的同情心以及他们对抑郁症的生物学和心理社会解释的感知临床效用，关注文化差异的两个因素:关系流动性和文化紧密度。
方法：我们使用了具有重复测量组件的横截面研究设计。
方法：样本包括来自澳大利亚和新加坡的211名护理专业学生。参与者主要是女性（81%），年龄从18岁到57岁（M=26.51，SD=7.61）。
方法：参与者完成了一份基于小插图的在线问卷，其中包含同理心的测量，感知的临床效用，关系流动性，和文化紧密。
结果：护理学生对抑郁症的生物学和心理社会解释的反应在澳大利亚有所不同（生物学：M=2.96，SD=0.89，95％CI[2.80，3.13]；心理社会：M=3.56，SD=0.91，[3.39，3.73]），但新加坡则没有（生物学：M=3.05，SD=0.91，[2.87，SD3.06，3.23关系流动性介导了移情中的跨文化差异，b=-0.16，SE=0.06，95%CI[-0.29，-0.05]，以及对临床效用的看法，b=-0.08，SE=0.05，[-0.20，-0.00]，当抑郁症被社会心理解释时。
结论：护理专业学生对抑郁症解释的移情和感知的临床效用在不同的文化中形成了不同的形状，部分原因是关系流动性和文化紧绷性。因此，在护理课程中嵌入文化意识教育，以解决任何文化上根深蒂固的对精神疾病患者的偏见，可能是一个有希望的途径，以优化护理学生对精神疾病患者的同理心。
