Abstract：
Diverging mortality trends at different ages motivate the monitoring of lifespan inequality alongside life expectancy. Conclusions are ambiguous when life expectancy and lifespan inequality move in the same direction or when inequality measures display inconsistent trends. We propose using nonparametric dominance analysis to obtain a robust ranking of age-at-death distributions. Application to U.S. period life tables for 2006-2021 reveals that, until 2014, more recent years generally dominate earlier years, implying improvement if longer lifespans that are less unequally distributed are considered better. Improvements were more pronounced for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals than for non-Hispanic White individuals. Since 2014, for all subpopulations-particularly Hispanics-earlier years often dominate more recent years, indicating worsening age-at-death distributions if shorter and more unequal lifespans are considered worse. Dramatic deterioration of the distributions in 2020-2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic is most evident for Hispanic individuals.
摘要：
不同年龄段不同的死亡率趋势促使人们监测寿命不平等和预期寿命。当预期寿命和寿命不平等朝同一方向发展时，或者当不平等措施显示出不一致的趋势时，结论就模棱两可。我们建议使用非参数优势分析来获得死亡年龄分布的稳健排名。对2006-2021年美国寿命表的应用表明，直到2014年，最近几年通常占主导地位，这意味着如果寿命更长、分布不均匀分布的寿命被认为更好，就会有所改善。与非西班牙裔白人相比，非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔黑人的改善更为明显。自2014年以来，对于所有亚群-特别是西班牙裔-早些年通常占主导地位，最近几年，如果更短和更不平等的寿命被认为更糟，则表明死亡年龄分布恶化。在COVID-19大流行期间，2020-2021年分布的急剧恶化对西班牙裔个体最为明显。
