PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Child labor is one of the important social issues that deprive children of many fundamental rights, and make them face many problems and consequences, including health problems. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim of examining the health of working children in Tehran. This is an ethnographic study that was conducted using Carspecken\'s approach and was completed in 2022. The main participants of this study included working children aged 10-18 years living in Tehran. In order to collect information, the researcher was present at the workplace, school, and living places of working children for more than two years, observing their lives and activities. Formal and informal interviews were also conducted with the working children and informed people. In total, hundreds of working children were assessed and observed in this research. A friendly conversation was formed between the researcher and more than 50 children, and official interviews were conducted with six of the working children. Also, more than 10 official interviews were conducted with informed people and parents of working children. In addition to observations and interviews, documents such as medical records and drawings of working children were also examined and interpreted. The information obtained from observations, interviews, and documents was entered into MAXQDA software, and its raw codes were extracted. The high-level codes as well as sub and main categories were formed from the aggregation of low-level codes. Impaired health was formed from three subcategories of tormented body (work and environmental trauma, sexual abuse, malnutrition, fatigue, sleep disorder and inadequate hygiene), disquieted mind (anxious children, depression and isolation, reduced self-esteem and unfocused mind) and disrupted sociability (negative social role modeling, aggression and violence, stubbornness and vindictiveness, harassment and nuisance, reprehensible social behaviors, neglecting others\' ownership, disturbed relationships and out-group self-censorship). The results of the present study showed that the health of working children is compromised in various physical, psychological, and social ways. Therefore, some measures should be taken at the national and international levels to improve their health, such as revising the existing laws regarding children and informing children of their rights.
摘要：
童工是剥夺儿童许多基本权利的重要社会问题之一,让他们面临许多问题和后果，包括健康问题。因此，这项研究的目的是检查德黑兰劳动儿童的健康状况。这是一项使用Carspecken方法进行的人种学研究，并于2022年完成。这项研究的主要参与者包括居住在德黑兰的10-18岁的工作儿童。为了收集信息，研究人员出现在工作场所，学校,和工作儿童居住超过两年的地方，观察他们的生活和活动。还对童工和知情人士进行了正式和非正式的采访。总的来说,在这项研究中，对数百名工作儿童进行了评估和观察。研究人员和50多个孩子进行了友好的交谈，并对六名在职儿童进行了官方采访。此外，对知情人士和在职儿童的父母进行了10多次正式采访。除了观察和访谈，还检查和解释了诸如医疗记录和工作儿童图纸之类的文件。从观察中获得的信息，采访,文件被输入到MAXQDA软件中，并提取其原始代码。高级代码以及子类别和主要类别是由低级代码的聚合形成的。健康受损是由折磨身体的三个亚类(工作和环境创伤，性虐待,营养不良,疲劳,睡眠障碍和卫生条件不足)，不安的头脑(焦虑的孩子，抑郁和孤立,自尊心降低和注意力不集中)和社交能力中断(消极的社会角色建模，侵略和暴力，固执和报复，骚扰和滋扰，应受谴责的社会行为，忽视他人的所有权，扰乱的关系和群体外的自我审查)。本研究的结果表明，工作儿童的健康受到各种身体损害，心理,和社交方式。因此,应该在国家和国际层面采取一些措施来改善他们的健康，例如修订有关儿童的现行法律，并告知儿童其权利。
