Abstract：
The article analyses level and dynamics of morbidity of diseases of ear and mastoid in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in 2020-2021 and availability of otorhinolaryngological care. The methods of comparative statistics and mathematical analysis were applied to analyze official data provided by the Yakut Republic Medical Information and Analytical Center, the specialized Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Republic Hospital № 2 - Center for Emergency Medical Care and the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia. The study established increasing trend of increasing morbidity of these diseases in both the adult and child population. In 2021, the growth rate of overall morbidity of adult population reached 17.7% and 8.8% in children, as compared to 2020. The primary morbidity of adults made up to 22.3%, in children - 15.7%. The comparative analysis demonstrated higher rates of general morbidity in the Republic: by 0.5% as compared with the Russian Federation and by 14.1% as compared with the Far Eastern Federal Okrug. The level of primary morbidity was lower than similar indicators of the compared territories by 17.1% and 3.0%, respectively. It is worth noting that analyzed morbidity of diseases of ear and mastoid reflects prevalence of ENT diseases in the region only indirectly, as the statistical data do not allow to estimate separately rate of upper respiratory tract lesions. Meanwhile, respiratory diseases rank first in the structure of population diseases in Yakutia. The growth of disability in children due to diseases of ear and mastoid requires attention. Among children of 0-17 years old, the indicator of primary disability increased from 0.38 to 0.8 per 10,000 of children population (increase of 110.5%); in children 0-3 years old - from 0.9 to 2.3 per 10,000 of the child population (an increase of 155.6%). The analysis of the number of beds in otorhinolaryngology wards established that that the bed capacity per 10,000 population was 0.6 that is significantly lower than the established standards. The article emphasizes need to adjust the Federal standards for hospital bed capacity, taking into account climatic and geographical conditions of the region, which contribute to spread and chronization of ENT diseases.
摘要：
本文分析了2020-2021年萨哈共和国（雅库特）耳部和乳突疾病的发病率水平和动态，以及耳鼻咽喉科护理的可用性。采用比较统计和数学分析的方法对雅库特共和国医学信息与分析中心提供的官方数据进行分析，耳鼻咽喉科，共和国医院2号-紧急医疗中心和俄罗斯联邦国家统计局。该研究确立了成人和儿童人群中这些疾病发病率增加的趋势。2021年，成年人总体发病率增长率达到17.7%，儿童为8.8%，与2020年相比。成年人的原发性发病率高达22.3%，儿童-15.7%。比较分析表明，共和国的一般发病率更高：与俄罗斯联邦相比为0.5％，与远东联邦Okrug相比为14.1％。原发发病率水平比比较地区的类似指标低17.1%和3.0%，分别。值得注意的是，分析耳部和乳突疾病的发病率仅间接反映了该地区耳鼻喉科疾病的患病率，因为统计数据不允许单独估计上呼吸道病变的发生率。同时,呼吸系统疾病在雅库特人群疾病结构中排名第一。由于耳朵和乳突疾病而导致的儿童残疾的增长需要注意。在0-17岁的儿童中，初级残疾指标从每10,000儿童人口0.38增加到0.8(增加110.5%);0-3岁儿童从每10,000儿童人口0.9增加到2.3(增加155.6%).对耳鼻喉科病房床位数量的分析确定，每10,000人口的床位容量为0.6，大大低于既定标准。文章强调需要调整联邦医院病床容量标准,考虑到该地区的气候和地理条件，这有助于耳鼻喉科疾病的传播和慢性化。
