Abstract：
The present work extends the scope of prior studies through analysis, modelling and simulation of the As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn release from Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) penguin guano to the Southern Ocean seawater and to Antarctic snow meltwater. Laboratory experimental results have been modelled considering kinetic processes between water and guano using two element pools in the guano compartment; its application allows us to interpret behaviours and predict release concentrations of dissolved trace elements from guano which are potentially useful for incorporation as elements source into biogeochemical models applied in the Southern Ocean. Variations in quantities and release patterns depending on the type of guano and aqueous medium in contact have been identified. The release percentages from the guano to the aqueous medium, once the steady state has been reached, vary depending on the water medium and guano type in the ranges of 100-2.9 % for Mo; 91.5-68.6 % for Ni; 81.8-22.8 % As; 52.0-43.9 % Cu; 26.9-7.4 % Mn; 24.9-5.4 for Co; 4.4-3.2 % for Zn and 0.94-0.51 % for Fe. Considering a penguin population of 774,000 Gentoo and 8,000,000 Chinstrap, the estimated annual mass released to the both seawater and freshwater would be ≈18,500 kg for Cu, ≈1710 kg for Zn, ≈1944 kg for Fe, ≈1640 kg for Mn, ≈499 kg for As, ≈289 kg for Ni, ≈155 kg for Mo, ≈36.7 kg for Cd and ≈8.1 kg for Co. These contributions can be locally significant both in promoting phytoplankton growth and in their role as inhibitors of primary productivity.
摘要：
本工作通过分析扩展了先前研究的范围，As的建模和仿真，Cd,Co,Cu,Fe、MnMo,从Gentoo（Pygoscelispapua）和Chinstrap（Pygoscelisantarcticus）企鹅鸟粪中释放的Ni和Zn到南大洋海水和南极融雪水。实验室实验结果已被建模，考虑到使用鸟粪室中的两个元素池的水和鸟粪之间的动力学过程；它的应用使我们能够解释行为并预测鸟粪中溶解的微量元素的释放浓度，这些微量元素可能有助于作为元素源纳入南大洋应用的生物地球化学模型中。已确定了数量和释放方式的变化，具体取决于接触的鸟粪和水性介质的类型。鸟粪向水性介质的释放百分比，一旦达到稳定状态，根据水介质和鸟粪类型的不同，Mo的范围为100-2.9％；Ni为91.5-68.6％；81.8-22.8％As；52.0-43.9％Cu;26.9-7.4％Mn;Co为24.9-5.4；Zn为4.4-3.2％，Fe为0.94-0.51％。考虑到企鹅的数量为774,000Gentoo和8,000,000Chinstrap，估计每年释放到海水和淡水中的铜质量约为18,500千克，锌约为1710公斤，对于Fe约1944公斤，Mn为1640公斤，对于As约499kg，对于Ni约289公斤，对于Mo约155公斤，Cd约36.7kg，Co约8.1kg。这些贡献在促进浮游植物生长及其作为初级生产力抑制剂的作用方面都具有局部意义。
