Abstract：
The environmental and human health risk of heavy metals (HMs) in petroleum based oily sludge (OS) varies depending upon the source of origin of the crude oil and treatment processes practiced at the refineries. Consequently, the present study explores the potential risk associated with HMs of OS obtained from different refinery sites to the environment and human health. The results showed that HMs (Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn) present in OS surpasses the permissible limit of WHO guidelines except for Cr. Additionally, the Igeo value (grade 3-6), Ef (2.48-121.4), PLI (5.12-22.65), Cd (32.48-204.76) and PERI (grade 1-5) confirmed the high level of HMs contamination into the OS and its risk to the environment. Besides, the hazard index (HI) and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) for HMs show substantial risk to both adult and children health. Likewise, the G-mean enzyme index and potential soil enzyme risk index (PSERI) of the OS showed a high risk to soil biological properties. Furthermore, statistical analysis confirmed the heterogeneity in properties of the OS and its potential impact on the soil ecosystem arising from different sites. Finally, the study unveils a novel perspective on the environmental and human health consequences associated with the OS.
摘要：
石油基含油污泥（OS）中重金属（HM）的环境和人类健康风险取决于原油的来源和炼油厂实施的处理过程。因此,本研究探讨了从不同炼油厂获得的OS的HMs对环境和人类健康的潜在风险。结果表明,HMs(Cu,Ni,Zn,除Cr外，OS中存在的Mn）超过了WHO指南的允许限值。此外,Igeo值(3-6级)，Ef（2.48-121.4），PLI(5.12-22.65),Cd（32.48-204.76）和PERI（1-5级）证实了OS中的高浓度HMs污染及其对环境的风险。此外,HMs的危险指数(HI)和总致癌风险(TCR)对成人和儿童健康均有重大风险.同样，OS的G均值酶指数和潜在土壤酶风险指数（PSERI）对土壤生物学特性显示出高风险。此外，统计分析证实了OS特性的异质性及其对不同地点土壤生态系统的潜在影响。最后,该研究揭示了与OS相关的环境和人类健康后果的新观点。
