Abstract：
Adolescence is a time when important decisions about the future are made and vulnerability to mental health problems increases. We reviewed longitudinal studies examining the reciprocal pathways between future-related thinking (hopelessness, hope, optimism/positive future expectations) and adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms. Evidence from 22 studies (N = 10,682) found that negative future-related thinking predicted subsequent depression (r = 0.27, p < .001), an effect still significant after controlling for baseline depression (r = 0.23, p < .001). Higher hopelessness (r = 0.34, p < .001), lower hope (r = 0.16, p < .001), and reduced optimism/positive future expectations (r = 0.18, p < .001) were associated with subsequently increased depressive symptoms. Negative future-related thinking also predicted later increased anxiety symptoms (r = 0.15, p = .021). Concerning the reciprocal pathway, depressive symptoms were associated with later negative future-related thinking (r = 0.32, p < .001), which remained after baseline levels of future-related thinking were controlled (r = 0.07, p = .02). There were insufficient studies to infer reciprocal links between anxiety and future-related thinking. Our analyses provided evidence of a reciprocal developmental relationship between depressive symptoms and future-related thinking, implying a negative cycle. Identifying precursors of this cycle could provide the basis for depression prevention in adolescents and promote better decision-making about the future.
摘要：
青春期是对未来做出重要决定的时候，对心理健康问题的脆弱性增加。我们回顾了纵向研究，研究了与未来相关的思维(绝望，希望,乐观/积极的未来期望)和青少年抑郁和焦虑症状。来自22项研究（N=10,682）的证据发现，与未来相关的负面思维可以预测随后的抑郁（r=0.27，p<.001），在控制基线抑郁后，效果仍然显著(r=0.23，p<.001)。更高的绝望（r=0.34，p<.001），较低的希望(r=0.16，p<.001)，和降低的乐观/积极的未来预期（r=0.18，p<.001）与随后增加的抑郁症状相关。消极的未来相关思维也预测了后来焦虑症状的增加（r=0.15，p=.021）。关于互惠途径，抑郁症状与后来的负面未来相关思维有关（r=0.32，p<.001），在未来相关思维的基线水平得到控制后仍然存在(r=0.07,p=.02).没有足够的研究来推断焦虑和未来相关思维之间的相互联系。我们的分析提供了抑郁症状与未来相关思维之间相互发展关系的证据，意味着一个负周期。确定这一周期的前兆可以为青少年抑郁症的预防提供基础，并促进对未来的更好决策。
