PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The number of individuals wearing cardiac pacemakers is gradually increasing as the population ages and cardiovascular disease becomes highly prevalent. The safety of pacemaker wearers is of significant concern because they must ensure that the device properly functions in various life scenarios. Electric vehicles have become one of the most frequently used travel tools due to the gradual promotion of low-carbon travel policies in various countries. The electromagnetic environment inside the vehicle is highly complex during driving due to the integration of numerous high-power electrical devices inside the vehicle. In order to ensure the safety of this group, the paper takes passengers wearing cardiac pacemakers as the object and the electric vehicle drive motors as the exposure source. Calculation models, with the vehicle body, human body, heart, and cardiac pacemaker, are built. The induced electric field, specific absorption rate, and temperature changes in the passenger\'s body and heart are calculated by using the finite element method. Results show that the maximum value of the induced electric field of the passenger occurs at the ankle of the body, which is 60.3 mV/m. The value of the induced electric field of the heart is greater than that of the human trunk, and the maximum value (283 mV/m) is around the pacemaker electrode. The maximum specific absorption rate of the human body is 1.08 × 10-6 W/kg, and that of heart positioned near the electrode is 2.76 × 10-5 W/kg. In addition, the maximum temperature increases of the human torso, heart, and pacemaker are 0.16 × 10-5 °C, 0.4 × 10-6 °C, and 0.44 × 10-6 °C within 30 min, respectively. Accordingly, the induced electric field, specific absorption rate, and temperature rise in the human body and heart are less than the safety limits specified in the ICNIRP. The electric field intensity at the pacemaker electrode and the temperature rise of the pacemaker meet the requirements of the medical device standards of ICNIRP and ISO 14708-2. Consequently, the electromagnetic radiation from the motor operation in the electric vehicle does not pose a safety risk to the health of passengers wearing cardiac pacemakers in this paper. This study also contributes to advancing research on the electromagnetic environment of electric vehicles and provides guidance for ensuring the safe travel of individuals wearing cardiac pacemakers.
摘要：
随着人口老龄化和心血管疾病的高度流行，佩戴心脏起搏器的人数逐渐增加。起搏器佩戴者的安全是非常重要的问题,因为他们必须确保设备在各种生活场景中正常工作。由于各国低碳出行政策的逐步推广，电动汽车已成为使用最频繁的出行工具之一。由于在车辆内部集成了许多高功率电气装置,所以在驾驶期间车辆内部的电磁环境非常复杂。为了保证这个群体的安全,本文以佩戴心脏起搏器的乘客为对象，以电动汽车驱动电机为暴露源。计算模型,车身，人体,心,和心脏起搏器,是建造的。感应电场，比吸收率，用有限元法计算乘客身体和心脏的温度变化。结果表明，乘客的感应电场的最大值发生在身体的脚踝处，即60.3mV/m。心脏的感应电场值大于人体躯干的感应电场值，并且最大值(283mV/m)在起搏器电极周围。人体的最大比吸收率为1.08×10-6W/kg，位于电极附近的心脏为2.76×10-5W/kg。此外,人体躯干的最高温度升高，心,起搏器温度为0.16×10-5℃,0.4×10-6℃,在30分钟内达到0.44×10-6°C，分别。因此，感应电场，比吸收率，人体和心脏的温升低于ICNIRP中规定的安全限值。起搏器电极处的电场强度和起搏器的温升满足ICNIRP和ISO14708-2的医疗器械标准的要求。因此,本文认为，电动汽车中电机运行的电磁辐射不会对佩戴心脏起搏器的乘客的健康构成安全风险。这项研究还有助于推进电动汽车电磁环境的研究，并为确保佩戴心脏起搏器的个人安全出行提供指导。
