PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The traditional description of cardiac development involves progression from a cardiac crescent to a linear heart tube, which in the phase of transformation into a mature heart forms a cardiac loop and is divided with the septa into individual cavities. Cardiac morphogenesis involves numerous types of cells originating outside the initial cardiac crescent, including neural crest cells, cells of the second heart field origin, and epicardial progenitor cells. The development of the fetal heart and circulatory system is subject to regulatation by both genetic and environmental processes. The etiology for cases with congenital heart defects (CHDs) is largely unknown, but several genetic anomalies, some maternal illnesses, and prenatal exposures to specific therapeutic and non-therapeutic drugs are generally accepted as risk factors. New techniques for studying heart development have revealed many aspects of cardiac morphogenesis that are important in the development of CHDs, in particular transposition of the great arteries.
摘要：
心脏发育的传统描述涉及从心脏新月到线性心脏管的进展，在转化为成熟心脏的阶段，它形成了一个心脏回路，并与隔膜一起分为单个腔。心脏形态发生涉及许多类型的细胞起源于最初的心脏新月，包括神经嵴细胞,第二心脏区域起源的细胞，和心外膜祖细胞。胎儿心脏和循环系统的发育受遗传和环境过程的调节。先天性心脏病（CHD）的病因尚不清楚，但是一些遗传异常，一些产妇疾病，产前暴露于特定治疗和非治疗药物通常被认为是危险因素。研究心脏发育的新技术揭示了心脏形态发生的许多方面，这些方面在CHD的发展中很重要，特别是大动脉移位。
