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Abstract：
The leaves of mulberry, Azolla spp., sunflower sprouts, cashew nut, and mung bean are considered rich sources of plant protein with high levels of branched-chain amino acids. Furthermore, they contain beneficial phytochemicals such as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Additionally, there are reports suggesting that an adequate consumption of amino acids can reduce nerve cell damage, delay the onset of memory impairment, and improve sleep quality. In this study, protein isolates were prepared from the leaves of mulberry, Azolla spp., sunflower sprouts, cashew nut, and mung bean. The amino acid profile, dietary fiber content, phenolic content, and flavonoid content were evaluated. Pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anticholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, and γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) activities, were also assessed. This study found that concentrated protein from mung beans has a higher quantity of essential amino acids (52,161 mg/100 g protein) compared to concentrated protein from sunflower sprouts (47,386 mg/100 g protein), Azolla spp. (42,097 mg/100 g protein), cashew nut (26,710 mg/100 g protein), and mulberry leaves (8931 mg/100 g protein). The dietary fiber content ranged from 0.90% to 3.24%, while the phenolic content and flavonoid content ranged from 0.25 to 2.29 mg/g and 0.01 to 2.01 mg/g of sample, respectively. Sunflower sprout protein isolates exhibited the highest levels of dietary fiber (3.24%), phenolic content (2.292 ± 0.082 mg of GAE/g), and flavonoids (2.014 mg quercetin/g of sample). The biological efficacy evaluation found that concentrated protein extract from sunflower sprouts has the highest antioxidant activity; the percentages of inhibition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2\'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical were 20.503 ± 0.288% and 18.496 ± 0.105%, respectively. Five plant-based proteins exhibited a potent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition, and GABA-T ranging from 3.42% to 24.62%, 6.14% to 20.16%, and 2.03% to 21.99%, respectively. These findings suggest that these plant protein extracts can be used as natural resources for developing food supplements with neuroprotective activity.
摘要：
桑树的叶子，Azollaspp.,向日葵芽，腰果,绿豆被认为是植物蛋白的丰富来源，具有高水平的支链氨基酸。此外，它们含有有益的植物化学物质，如抗氧化剂和抗炎剂。此外,有报道表明，足够的氨基酸消耗可以减少神经细胞的损伤，延迟记忆障碍的发作，改善睡眠质量。在这项研究中,从桑树的叶子中制备蛋白质分离物，Azollaspp.,向日葵芽，腰果,还有绿豆.氨基酸谱,膳食纤维含量，酚类物质含量,和类黄酮含量进行了评价。药理学特性，如抗氧化剂，抗胆碱酯酶，单胺氧化酶,和γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶（GABA-T）活性，也进行了评估。这项研究发现，与来自向日葵芽的浓缩蛋白质（47,386mg/100g蛋白质）相比，来自绿豆的浓缩蛋白质具有更高的必需氨基酸含量（52,161mg/100g蛋白质），Azollaspp.（42,097毫克/100克蛋白质），腰果（26,710毫克/100克蛋白质），和桑叶（8931毫克/100克蛋白质）。膳食纤维含量范围从0.90%到3.24%,而酚含量和类黄酮含量范围为0.25至2.29mg/g和0.01至2.01mg/g，分别。向日葵芽蛋白分离物的膳食纤维含量最高(3.24%),酚类含量（2.292±0.082mgGAE/g），和类黄酮（2.014毫克槲皮素/克样品）。生物学功效评估发现，向日葵芽浓缩蛋白提取物具有最高的抗氧化活性；1,1-二苯基-2-吡喃酰肼基自由基（DPPH）和2,2'-氮杂-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）自由基的抑制百分比分别为20.503±0.288%和18.496±0.105%，分别。五种基于植物的蛋白质表现出对乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）酶活性的有效抑制，单胺氧化酶（MAO）抑制，GABA-T从3.42%到24.62%，6.14%至20.16%，和2.03%至21.99%，分别。这些发现表明，这些植物蛋白提取物可用作开发具有神经保护活性的食品补充剂的自然资源。
