Abstract：
Urban scaling is widely used to characterize the population dependence of city indicators including greenhouse gas emission. Here we analyze the population dependence of CO 2 and PM2.5 emissions and concentrations across all European cities. Our analysis reveals considerable variations in emissions among cities of comparable population size which are not captured by conventional urban scaling. We thus characterize these fluctuations by multi-parameter scaling functions and multifractal spectral analysis. We find that the distribution of emissions and population is multifractal while that of air pollution is not, leading to non-trivial relations between emission and pollution in some large cities. We also analyze the impact of forests in curbing emission and the impact of air pollution on health. Our work provides a detailed picture of the fluctuations in the scaling of urban metabolism in Europe and suggests a general strategy that goes beyond conventional urban scaling laws.
摘要：
城市尺度被广泛用于表征包括温室气体排放在内的城市指标的人口依赖性。在这里，我们分析了所有欧洲城市的CO2和PM2.5排放和浓度的人口依赖性。我们的分析显示，具有可比人口规模的城市之间的排放量存在很大差异，而传统的城市规模无法捕获。因此，我们通过多参数缩放函数和多重分形谱分析来表征这些波动。我们发现排放和人口的分布是多重分形的，而空气污染的分布不是，导致一些大城市的排放和污染之间的关系不平凡。我们还分析了森林对抑制排放的影响以及空气污染对健康的影响。我们的工作提供了欧洲城市新陈代谢规模波动的详细图片，并提出了一种超越传统城市规模定律的一般策略。
