Abstract：
This study investigates the potential of using Ficus religiosa inflorescence (peepal tree) as an efficient solution for removing crystal violet from simulated and industrial wastewater. Various analyses were conducted to understand the adsorbent\'s structure, including particle morphology, BET surface area, FTIR, and pHZPC. The adsorption process was studied under different physicochemical factors such as temperature, concentration, contact time, and pH. Results revealed rapid adsorption, with 94.15% removal efficiency within the first 15 min at neutral pH. The highest observed adsorption capacity was 198.03 mg g-1, following pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.99), indicating chemisorption. The Langmuir model accurately described the adsorption pathway (R2 = 0.99), showing monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis indicated an exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous process with increased entropy. The adsorbent could be easily regenerated using a 1:1 MeOH/H2O mixture for up to three cycles, yielding up to 73.86%. Real-time application with industrial effluent containing crystal violet showed up to 44.70% adsorption. The experiments demonstrated reliability with evaluated standard deviations (0.017935-0.000577) and relative standard deviations (0.439-0.673%), confirming statistical reliability. In conclusion, it presents a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for removing crystal violet dye from diverse wastewater sources.
摘要：
这项研究调查了使用Ficusreligiosa花序（peepal树）作为从模拟和工业废水中去除结晶紫的有效解决方案的潜力。进行了各种分析，以了解吸附剂的结构，包括颗粒形态，BET表面积,FTIR,和pHZPC。研究了温度等不同物理化学因素下的吸附过程,浓度,接触时间,和pH。结果显示快速吸附，在中性pH下的前15分钟内具有94.15%的去除效率。观察到的最高吸附容量为198.03mgg-1，遵循伪二级动力学（R2=0.99），表明化学吸附。Langmuir模型准确地描述了吸附途径(R2=0.99),显示单层吸附。热力学分析表明放热，可行,和熵增加的自发过程。吸附剂可以使用1:1的MeOH/H2O混合物轻松再生多达三个循环，收益率高达73.86%。对含有结晶紫的工业废水的实时应用显示高达44.70%的吸附。实验证明了可靠性，评估的标准偏差（0.017935-0.000577）和相对标准偏差（0.439-0.673%），确认统计可靠性。总之,它提出了一种可持续和生态友好的方法，用于从各种废水来源中去除结晶紫染料。
