OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of BCTs implemented on a smartwatch, the Fitbit, to determine how each technique promoted PA.
METHODS: This study was a single-blind, pilot randomized controlled trial, in which 70 adults (n=44, 63% women; mean age 40.5, SD 12.56 years; closed user group) were allocated to 1 of 3 BCT conditions: self-monitoring (feedback on participants\' own steps), goal setting (providing daily step goals), and social comparison (displaying daily steps achieved by peers). Each intervention lasted for 4 weeks (fully automated), during which participants wore a Fitbit and responded to day-to-day questionnaires regarding motivation. At pre- and postintervention time points (in-person sessions), levels and readiness for PA as well as different aspects of motivation were assessed.
RESULTS: Participants showed excellent adherence (mean valid-wear time of Fitbit=26.43/28 days, 94%), and no dropout was recorded. No significant changes were found in self-reported total PA (dz<0.28, P=.40 for the self-monitoring group, P=.58 for the goal setting group, and P=.19 for the social comparison group). Fitbit-assessed step count during the intervention period was slightly higher in the goal setting and social comparison groups than in the self-monitoring group, although the effects did not reach statistical significance (P=.052 and P=.06). However, more than half (27/46, 59%) of the participants in the precontemplation stage reported progress to a higher stage across the 3 conditions. Additionally, significant increases were detected for several aspects of motivation (ie, integrated and external regulation), and significant group differences were identified for the day-to-day changes in external regulation; that is, the self-monitoring group showed a significantly larger increase in the sense of pressure and tension (as part of external regulation) than the goal setting group (P=.04).
CONCLUSIONS: Fitbit-implemented BCTs promote readiness and motivation for PA, although their effects on PA levels are marginal. The BCT-specific effects were unclear, but preliminary evidence showed that self-monitoring alone may be perceived demanding. Combining self-monitoring with another BCT (or goal setting, at least) may be important for enhancing continuous engagement in PA.
BACKGROUND: Open Science Framework; https://osf.io/87qnb/?view_only=f7b72d48bb5044eca4b8ce729f6b403b.
目的:我们研究了在智能手表上实施BCT的效果,Fitbit,以确定每种技术如何推广PA。
方法:这项研究是单盲的,先导随机对照试验,其中70名成年人(n=44,63%的女性;平均年龄40.5,SD12.56岁;封闭用户组)被分配到3个BCT条件中的1个:自我监测(对参与者自身步骤的反馈),目标设定(提供每日步骤目标),和社会比较(显示同龄人实现的每日步骤)。每次干预持续4周(全自动),在此期间,参与者佩戴Fitbit并回答有关动机的日常问卷.在干预前和干预后的时间点(面对面会话),评估了PA的水平和准备程度以及动机的不同方面。
结果:参与者表现出优异的依从性(Fitbit的平均有效佩戴时间=26.43/28天,94%),没有辍学的记录。自我报告的总PA无显著变化(自我监测组的dz<0.28,P=.40,目标设定组的P=.58,社会比较组的P=.19)。在干预期间,Fitbit评估的步数在目标设定和社会比较组中略高于自我监测组,虽然效果没有达到统计学意义(P=.052和P=.06)。然而,超过一半(27/46,59%)处于预想阶段的参与者报告在3种情况下进展到更高阶段.此外,在动机的几个方面检测到显著增加(即,综合和外部监管),对于外部调节的日常变化,确定了显著的群体差异;也就是说,自我监测组的压力感和紧张感(作为外部调节的一部分)显著高于目标设定组(P=.04).
结论:Fitbit实施的BCT促进了PA的准备和动力,尽管它们对PA水平的影响很小。BCT特异性作用尚不清楚,但初步证据表明,自我监测本身可能被认为要求。将自我监测与另一个BCT(或目标设定,至少)对于增强PA的持续参与可能很重要。
背景:开放科学框架;https://osf.io/87qnb/?view_only=f7b72d48bb5044eca4b8ce729f6b403b。