Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The domestication of wild plant species can begin with gathering and transport of propagules by Indigenous peoples. The effect on genomic composition, especially in clonal, self-incompatible perennials would be instantaneous and drastic with respect to new, anthropogenic populations subsequently established. Reductions in genetic diversity and mating capability would be symptomatic and the presence of unique alleles and genetic sequences would reveal the origins and ancestry of populations associated with archaeological sites. The current distribution of the Four Corners potato, Solanum jamesii Torr. in the Southwestern USA, may thus reflect the early stages of a domestication process that began with tuber transport.
METHODS: Herein genetic sequencing (GBS) data are used to further examine the hypothesis of domestication in this culturally significant species by sampling 25 archaeological and non-archaeological populations.
RESULTS: Archaeological populations from Utah, Colorado and northern Arizona have lower levels of polymorphic loci, unique alleles, and heterozygosity than non-archaeological populations from the Mogollon region of central Arizona and New Mexico. Principle components analysis, Fst values, and structure analysis revealed that genetic relationships among archaeological populations did not correspond to geographic proximity. Populations in Escalante, Utah were related to those on the Mogollon Rim (400 km south) and had multiple origins and significant disjunctions with those populations in Bears Ears, Chaco Canyon, and Mesa Verde sites.
CONCLUSIONS: Movement of tubers from the Mogollon region may have occurred many times and in multiple directions during the past, resulting in the complex genetic patterns seen in populations from across the Four Corners region.
METHODS: Herein genetic sequencing (GBS) data are used to further examine the hypothesis of domestication in this culturally significant species by sampling 25 archaeological and non-archaeological populations.
RESULTS: Archaeological populations from Utah, Colorado and northern Arizona have lower levels of polymorphic loci, unique alleles, and heterozygosity than non-archaeological populations from the Mogollon region of central Arizona and New Mexico. Principle components analysis, Fst values, and structure analysis revealed that genetic relationships among archaeological populations did not correspond to geographic proximity. Populations in Escalante, Utah were related to those on the Mogollon Rim (400 km south) and had multiple origins and significant disjunctions with those populations in Bears Ears, Chaco Canyon, and Mesa Verde sites.
CONCLUSIONS: Movement of tubers from the Mogollon region may have occurred many times and in multiple directions during the past, resulting in the complex genetic patterns seen in populations from across the Four Corners region.
摘要：
目的：野生植物的驯化可以从土著居民采集和运输繁殖体开始。对基因组组成的影响，尤其是在克隆中，自相矛盾的多年生植物对新植物来说是瞬时和激烈的，随后建立了人为种群。遗传多样性和交配能力的降低将是症状，独特等位基因和遗传序列的存在将揭示与考古遗址相关的种群的起源和祖先。目前四角土豆的分布，SolanumJamesiiTorr.在美国西南部，因此，可能反映了从块茎运输开始的驯化过程的早期阶段。
方法：在此，通过对25个考古和非考古种群进行采样，使用遗传测序（GBS）数据进一步检查了这种具有文化意义的物种的驯化假设。
结果：来自犹他州的考古人口，科罗拉多州和亚利桑那州北部的多态位点水平较低，独特的等位基因，和杂合性比来自亚利桑那州中部和新墨西哥州Mogollon地区的非考古人口。主成分分析,Fst值,和结构分析显示，考古种群之间的遗传关系与地理接近度不对应。埃斯卡兰特的人口，犹他州与MogollonRim（向南400公里）上的人有关，并且与熊耳中的那些人口有多种起源和明显的分离，查科峡谷,和梅萨维地。
结论：在过去，来自Mogollon地区的块茎运动可能发生过多次，并且在多个方向上，导致在四角地区的种群中看到复杂的遗传模式。
方法：在此，通过对25个考古和非考古种群进行采样，使用遗传测序（GBS）数据进一步检查了这种具有文化意义的物种的驯化假设。
结果：来自犹他州的考古人口，科罗拉多州和亚利桑那州北部的多态位点水平较低，独特的等位基因，和杂合性比来自亚利桑那州中部和新墨西哥州Mogollon地区的非考古人口。主成分分析,Fst值,和结构分析显示，考古种群之间的遗传关系与地理接近度不对应。埃斯卡兰特的人口，犹他州与MogollonRim（向南400公里）上的人有关，并且与熊耳中的那些人口有多种起源和明显的分离，查科峡谷,和梅萨维地。
结论：在过去，来自Mogollon地区的块茎运动可能发生过多次，并且在多个方向上，导致在四角地区的种群中看到复杂的遗传模式。
