Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the impact of lifelong exercise, including both moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training, on blood lipid levels and mental behaviour in naturally ageing mice to identify effective exercise strategies for ageing-related health issues.
METHODS: Six-week-old male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: young control (YC), natural ageing control (OC), lifelong moderate-intensity continuous exercise (EM), and lifelong high-intensity interval exercise (EH) groups. The EM group was trained at a speed corresponding to 70 % of the maximum running speed, while the EH group was trained at a running speed alternating between 50 % of the maximum running speed, 70 % of the maximum running speed, and 90 % of the maximum running speed. All exercise sessions were conducted three times per week, with each session lasting 50 min. Behavioural tests and blood sample collection were conducted at 72 weeks of age.
RESULTS: Ageing in mice led to changes in muscle and fat mass. Both the EM and EH groups showed greater muscle mass and lower fat mass than did the OC group. Ageing was associated with elevated anxiety (fewer open arm entries, time spent in the central region) and depression (lower sucrose preference) indicators. However, these changes were reversed in both exercise groups, with no differences between the two exercise groups. Blood lipid levels, including total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels, were greater in the OC group than in the YC group. Additionally, the OC group exhibited lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. However, both the EM and EH groups exhibited improved lipid profiles compared to those of the YC group.
CONCLUSIONS: Lifelong exercise, whether moderate-intensity continuous or high-intensity interval training, can preserve body health during ageing, prevent anxiety and depression, and maintain stable blood lipid levels. Both exercise types are equally effective, suggesting that exercise intensity may not be the critical factor underlying these beneficial adaptations.
METHODS: Six-week-old male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: young control (YC), natural ageing control (OC), lifelong moderate-intensity continuous exercise (EM), and lifelong high-intensity interval exercise (EH) groups. The EM group was trained at a speed corresponding to 70 % of the maximum running speed, while the EH group was trained at a running speed alternating between 50 % of the maximum running speed, 70 % of the maximum running speed, and 90 % of the maximum running speed. All exercise sessions were conducted three times per week, with each session lasting 50 min. Behavioural tests and blood sample collection were conducted at 72 weeks of age.
RESULTS: Ageing in mice led to changes in muscle and fat mass. Both the EM and EH groups showed greater muscle mass and lower fat mass than did the OC group. Ageing was associated with elevated anxiety (fewer open arm entries, time spent in the central region) and depression (lower sucrose preference) indicators. However, these changes were reversed in both exercise groups, with no differences between the two exercise groups. Blood lipid levels, including total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels, were greater in the OC group than in the YC group. Additionally, the OC group exhibited lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. However, both the EM and EH groups exhibited improved lipid profiles compared to those of the YC group.
CONCLUSIONS: Lifelong exercise, whether moderate-intensity continuous or high-intensity interval training, can preserve body health during ageing, prevent anxiety and depression, and maintain stable blood lipid levels. Both exercise types are equally effective, suggesting that exercise intensity may not be the critical factor underlying these beneficial adaptations.
摘要：
目的：本研究旨在探讨终身锻炼的影响，包括中等强度的连续训练和高强度的间歇训练，自然衰老小鼠的血脂水平和心理行为，以确定与衰老相关的健康问题的有效运动策略。
方法：将六周龄的雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为四组：年轻对照组（YC），自然老化控制(OC)，终身中等强度连续运动(EM)，和终身高强度间歇运动(EH)组。EM组在对应于最大跑步速度的70％的速度下进行训练，而EH组在最大跑步速度的50％之间交替进行跑步训练，最大运行速度的70%，和90％的最大运行速度。所有的锻炼都是每周进行三次,每节持续50分钟。行为测试和血液样本收集在72周龄进行。
结果：小鼠的衰老导致肌肉和脂肪质量的变化。与OC组相比，EM和EH组均显示出更大的肌肉质量和更低的脂肪质量。衰老与焦虑升高相关(开放手臂较少，在中部地区花费的时间)和抑郁(蔗糖偏好较低)指标。然而,这些变化在两个运动组中都逆转了，两个运动组之间没有差异。血脂水平,包括总胆固醇（TC），总甘油三酯（TG），低密度脂蛋白（LDL），和游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平，OC组高于YC组。此外,OC组的高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平较低.然而,与YC组相比,EM组和EH组均表现出改善的血脂谱.
结论：终身锻炼，无论是中等强度的连续训练还是高强度的间歇训练，可以在衰老期间保持身体健康，预防焦虑和抑郁，维持稳定的血脂水平。两种锻炼类型同样有效，这表明运动强度可能不是这些有益适应的关键因素。
方法：将六周龄的雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为四组：年轻对照组（YC），自然老化控制(OC)，终身中等强度连续运动(EM)，和终身高强度间歇运动(EH)组。EM组在对应于最大跑步速度的70％的速度下进行训练，而EH组在最大跑步速度的50％之间交替进行跑步训练，最大运行速度的70%，和90％的最大运行速度。所有的锻炼都是每周进行三次,每节持续50分钟。行为测试和血液样本收集在72周龄进行。
结果：小鼠的衰老导致肌肉和脂肪质量的变化。与OC组相比，EM和EH组均显示出更大的肌肉质量和更低的脂肪质量。衰老与焦虑升高相关(开放手臂较少，在中部地区花费的时间)和抑郁(蔗糖偏好较低)指标。然而,这些变化在两个运动组中都逆转了，两个运动组之间没有差异。血脂水平,包括总胆固醇（TC），总甘油三酯（TG），低密度脂蛋白（LDL），和游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平，OC组高于YC组。此外,OC组的高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平较低.然而,与YC组相比,EM组和EH组均表现出改善的血脂谱.
结论：终身锻炼，无论是中等强度的连续训练还是高强度的间歇训练，可以在衰老期间保持身体健康，预防焦虑和抑郁，维持稳定的血脂水平。两种锻炼类型同样有效，这表明运动强度可能不是这些有益适应的关键因素。
