Abstract：
This meta-analytic review investigated the development of narcissism across the life span, by synthesizing the available longitudinal data on mean-level change and rank-order stability. Three factors of narcissism were examined: agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism. Analyses were based on data from 51 samples, including 37,247 participants. As effect size measures, we used the standardized mean change d per year and test-retest correlations that were corrected for attenuation due to measurement error. The results suggested that narcissism typically decreases from age 8 to 77 years (i.e., the observed age range), with aggregated changes of d = -0.28 for agentic narcissism, d = -0.41 for antagonistic narcissism, and d = -0.55 for neurotic narcissism. Rank-order stability of narcissism was high, with average values of .73 (agentic), .68 (antagonistic), and .60 (neurotic), based on an average time lag of 11.42 years. Rank-order stability did not vary as a function of age. However, rank-order stability declined as a function of time lag, asymptotically approaching values of .62 (agentic), .52 (antagonistic), and .33 (neurotic) across long time lags. Moderator analyses indicated that the findings on mean-level change and rank-order stability held across gender and birth cohort. The meta-analytic data set included mostly Western and White/European samples, pointing to the need of conducting more research with non-Western and ethnically diverse samples. In sum, the findings suggest that agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism show normative declines across the life span and that individual differences in these factors are moderately (neurotic) to highly (agentic, antagonistic) stable over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
摘要：
这篇荟萃分析综述调查了自恋在整个生命周期中的发展，通过综合可用的均值水平变化和秩序稳定性的纵向数据。研究了自恋的三个因素：agentic，拮抗,和神经质的自恋.分析基于51个样本的数据，包括37247名参与者。作为效应大小的衡量标准，我们使用了每年的标准化平均变化d和测试-重测相关性,这些相关性对测量误差导致的衰减进行了校正.结果表明，自恋通常从8岁到77岁(即，观察到的年龄范围)，对于年龄自恋，d=-0.28的总变化，对于拮抗自恋，d=-0.41，对于神经质自恋，d=-0.55。自恋的排序稳定性很高，平均值为0.73(agentic)，.68（拮抗），和.60（神经质），基于11.42年的平均时滞。排序稳定性并不随年龄而变化。然而,秩序稳定性随时间滞后而下降，渐近接近.62(agentic)的值，.52（拮抗），和0.33（神经质）在长时间的滞后。主持人分析表明，关于平均水平变化和等级顺序稳定性的研究结果在性别和出生队列中保持不变。荟萃分析数据集主要包括西方和白人/欧洲样本，指出需要对非西方和种族多样化的样本进行更多的研究。总之,研究结果表明，拮抗,和神经质自恋显示整个生命周期的规范性下降，这些因素的个体差异是中等（神经质）到高度（agential，拮抗)随着时间的推移稳定。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2024APA，保留所有权利)。
