Abstract：
CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with reduced visual acuity (VA) may drive with bioptic telescopes in some jurisdictions. The effect of bioptic telescope use on on-road recognition distances is important for driving safety, as increased recognition distances increase the time available to react to road signs or driving events.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the impact of bioptic telescope use on visual recognition of road signs, traffic lights, and hazards in an on-road driving environment in individuals with reduced VA.
METHODS: Ten individuals (mean ± standard deviation age, 39.1 ± 19.1 years) with reduced VA (trained to use bioptic telescopes) participated in a repeated-measures on-road experiment for two viewing conditions, with and without a bioptic telescope (randomized order). Participants underwent a clinical low vision assessment, including high-contrast VA with and without the bioptic telescope aligned, visual fields, and contrast sensitivity testing. For the driving component, participants seated in the front passenger seat of a moving car reported all road signs, traffic lights, and hazards (unpredictable road events that represent a risk to driving safety including other vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians) seen along a route that included suburban roads and highways. Video cameras captured participants\' viewing behavior, verbal commentary, and the distance at which three pre-selected road signs were reported.
RESULTS: In the eye with the bioptic telescope, high-contrast VA improved from 0.75 ± 0.17 (without) to 0.25 ± 0.1 logMAR with the bioptic telescope. Bioptic telescope use did not affect the percentage of road signs, traffic lights, or hazards correctly recognized but did result in 2.6 times longer recognition distances (49 ± 23 vs. 19 ± 11 m, t9 = 5.02, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Road signs were recognized at significantly longer distances when using a bioptic telescope, confirming their positive impact on timely visual recognition of objects within the driving scene. Future work should explore whether this effect generalizes to individuals using bioptic telescopes when driving a vehicle.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the impact of bioptic telescope use on visual recognition of road signs, traffic lights, and hazards in an on-road driving environment in individuals with reduced VA.
METHODS: Ten individuals (mean ± standard deviation age, 39.1 ± 19.1 years) with reduced VA (trained to use bioptic telescopes) participated in a repeated-measures on-road experiment for two viewing conditions, with and without a bioptic telescope (randomized order). Participants underwent a clinical low vision assessment, including high-contrast VA with and without the bioptic telescope aligned, visual fields, and contrast sensitivity testing. For the driving component, participants seated in the front passenger seat of a moving car reported all road signs, traffic lights, and hazards (unpredictable road events that represent a risk to driving safety including other vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians) seen along a route that included suburban roads and highways. Video cameras captured participants\' viewing behavior, verbal commentary, and the distance at which three pre-selected road signs were reported.
RESULTS: In the eye with the bioptic telescope, high-contrast VA improved from 0.75 ± 0.17 (without) to 0.25 ± 0.1 logMAR with the bioptic telescope. Bioptic telescope use did not affect the percentage of road signs, traffic lights, or hazards correctly recognized but did result in 2.6 times longer recognition distances (49 ± 23 vs. 19 ± 11 m, t9 = 5.02, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Road signs were recognized at significantly longer distances when using a bioptic telescope, confirming their positive impact on timely visual recognition of objects within the driving scene. Future work should explore whether this effect generalizes to individuals using bioptic telescopes when driving a vehicle.
摘要：
结论：在某些司法管辖区，视力（VA）下降的人可能会使用双视望远镜驾驶。使用生物望远镜对道路识别距离的影响对行车安全很重要,随着识别距离的增加，可用于对道路标志或驾驶事件做出反应的时间也会增加。
目的：本研究旨在探讨使用生物望远镜对路标视觉识别的影响，交通灯,以及VA降低的个体在道路驾驶环境中的危险。
方法：十个个体(平均值±标准差年龄，39.1±19.1年）的VA降低（经过训练可以使用双光镜望远镜）参加了针对两种观察条件的重复测量的道路实验，有和没有生物望远镜（随机顺序）。参与者接受了临床低视力评估，包括高对比度的VA，有和没有对准的双光学望远镜，视野,和对比敏感度测试。对于驱动组件，坐在行驶中的汽车前排乘客座位上的参与者报告了所有路标，交通灯,和危险（不可预测的道路事件，对包括其他车辆在内的驾驶安全构成风险，骑自行车的人,行人)沿着包括郊区道路和高速公路的路线看到。摄像机捕捉到参与者的观看行为，口头评论,以及报告三个预选路标的距离。
结果：在使用生物望远镜的眼中，使用生物望远镜，高对比度VA从0.75±0.17（无）提高到0.25±0.1logMAR。生物望远镜的使用并不影响路标的百分比,交通灯,或正确识别的危险，但确实导致2.6倍的识别距离（49±23与19±11米,t9=5.02，p<0.001)。
结论：使用生物望远镜时，可以在更长的距离上识别路标，确认它们对驾驶场景内物体的及时视觉识别的积极影响。未来的工作应该探索这种效应是否适用于驾驶车辆时使用双光望远镜的个人。
目的：本研究旨在探讨使用生物望远镜对路标视觉识别的影响，交通灯,以及VA降低的个体在道路驾驶环境中的危险。
方法：十个个体(平均值±标准差年龄，39.1±19.1年）的VA降低（经过训练可以使用双光镜望远镜）参加了针对两种观察条件的重复测量的道路实验，有和没有生物望远镜（随机顺序）。参与者接受了临床低视力评估，包括高对比度的VA，有和没有对准的双光学望远镜，视野,和对比敏感度测试。对于驱动组件，坐在行驶中的汽车前排乘客座位上的参与者报告了所有路标，交通灯,和危险（不可预测的道路事件，对包括其他车辆在内的驾驶安全构成风险，骑自行车的人,行人)沿着包括郊区道路和高速公路的路线看到。摄像机捕捉到参与者的观看行为，口头评论,以及报告三个预选路标的距离。
结果：在使用生物望远镜的眼中，使用生物望远镜，高对比度VA从0.75±0.17（无）提高到0.25±0.1logMAR。生物望远镜的使用并不影响路标的百分比,交通灯,或正确识别的危险，但确实导致2.6倍的识别距离（49±23与19±11米,t9=5.02，p<0.001)。
结论：使用生物望远镜时，可以在更长的距离上识别路标，确认它们对驾驶场景内物体的及时视觉识别的积极影响。未来的工作应该探索这种效应是否适用于驾驶车辆时使用双光望远镜的个人。
