PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In low- and middle-income countries, data on antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture are scarce. Therefore, summarizing documented data on AMU, antimicrobial residue (AR), and AMR in aquaculture in Africa is key to understanding the risk to public health. Google Scholar, PubMed, African Journals online, and Medline were searched for articles published in English and French following the PRISMA guidelines. A structured search string was used with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to retrieve and screen the articles. The pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each pathogen-antimicrobial pair using random effects models. Among the 113 full-text articles reviewed, 41 met the eligibility criteria. The majority of the articles reported AMR (35; 85.4%), while a few were on AMU (3; 7.3%) and AR (3; 7.3%) in fish. The articles originated from West Africa (23; 56.1%), North Africa (8; 19.7%), and East Africa (7; 17.1%). Concerning the antimicrobial agents used in fish farming, tetracycline was the most common antimicrobial class used, which justified the high prevalence of residues (up to 56.7%) observed in fish. For AMR, a total of 69 antimicrobial agents were tested against 24 types of bacteria isolated. Bacteria were resistant to all classes of antimicrobial agents and exhibited high levels of multidrug resistance. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. were reported in 16, 10, and 8 studies, respectively, with multidrug resistance rates of 43.1% [95% CI (32.0-55.0)], 40.3% [95% CI (24.1-58.1)] and 31.3% [95% CI (17.5-49.4)], respectively. This review highlights the high multidrug resistance rate of bacteria from aquaculture to commonly used antimicrobial agents, such as tetracycline, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, and amoxicillin, in Africa. These findings also highlighted the lack of data on AMU and residue in the aquaculture sector, and additional efforts should be made to fill these gaps and mitigate the burden of AMR on public health in Africa.
摘要：
在低收入和中等收入国家，关于水产养殖中抗菌药物使用(AMU)和抗菌素耐药性(AMR)的数据很少。因此,总结AMU上的记录数据，抗菌残留物(AR)，非洲水产养殖中的AMR是了解公共卫生风险的关键。谷歌学者，PubMed,非洲在线期刊，根据PRISMA指南，搜索了Medline以英语和法语发表的文章。使用具有严格的包含和排除标准的结构化搜索字符串来检索和筛选文章。使用随机效应模型计算每个病原体-抗微生物剂对的合并患病率和95％置信区间。在审查的113篇全文中，41符合资格标准。大多数文章报告了AMR（35；85.4％），而少数人在鱼类中使用AMU（3；7.3％）和AR（3；7.3％）。文章来自西非(23；56.1%)，北非（8；19.7％），和东非（7；17.1%）。关于鱼类养殖中使用的抗菌剂，四环素是最常用的抗菌药物，这证明了在鱼类中观察到的残留物的高患病率（高达56.7％）。对于AMR，共测试了69种抗菌药物对24种细菌的分离。细菌对所有类别的抗微生物剂都具有抗性，并表现出高水平的多药耐药性。大肠杆菌,沙门氏菌属。,和葡萄球菌属。在16、10和8项研究中报告，分别,多药耐药率为43.1%[95%CI(32.0-55.0)]，40.3%[95%CI（24.1-58.1）]和31.3%[95%CI（17.5-49.4）]，分别。这篇综述强调了水产养殖细菌对常用抗菌药物的高多药耐药率，比如四环素,氨苄青霉素,复方新诺明,庆大霉素,和阿莫西林,在非洲。这些发现还强调了缺乏关于水产养殖部门AMU和残留物的数据，并应作出更多努力来填补这些空白，减轻AMR对非洲公共卫生的负担。
