关键词: Anemia Dietary diversity Ferritin Hemoglobin Iron deficiency Pregnancy

Mesh : Humans Female Cross-Sectional Studies Pregnancy Adult Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / epidemiology Diet / statistics & numerical data Young Adult Middle Aged Jordan / epidemiology Prevalence Dietary Supplements / statistics & numerical data

来  源:   DOI:10.1186/s12889-024-19294-z   PDF(Pubmed)

Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is considered one of the most common medical disorders observed during pregnancy. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), anemia and micronutrients deficiencies among pregnant women are associated with low consumption of animal products, monotonous starchy-diets, and seasonal consumption of vegetables and fruits.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 198 pregnant mothers aged between 19-45 years who visited the antenatal care clinics in Northern Jordan to document the prevalence of IDA and to describe the associations between dietary diversity, diet quality scores and oral iron supplementation with the pregnant women iron status. Participants were stratified into three groups by gestational age (n = 66 women per group). Gestational age, blood parameters, minimum dietary diversity score (MDD-W), and prime diet quality score for healthy (PDQSHF) and unhealthy foods (PDQSUF) were assessed using 24- hour dietary recall.
RESULTS: Prevalence of mild to moderate anemia was 27.8% among pregnant women. Third-trimester pregnant women were most affected. 52.5% have depleted iron stores (ferritin < 15 ng/ml), of them 30.8% have iron deficiency, and 21.7% have IDA. The (M ± SD) of the MDD-W, PDQSHF, and PDQSUF were 4.8 ± 1.6, 12.8 ± 3.9, and 7.2 ± 2.8 respectively. 52.5% achieved the MDD-W, 68% consumed < 4 servings/week of healthy food groups, and 50% consumed > 4 servings/week of unhealthy food groups. Mothers with higher MDD-W and PDQS had higher Hb and serum concentrations. Those taking iron supplements had significantly (p = 0.001) higher means of Hb, serum ferritin, and gestational weight gain. Significant differences were also found between PDQSHF, PDQSUF and the first and third trimester.
CONCLUSIONS: Mild to moderate IDA is prevalent among pregnant mothers, especially in the third trimester. However, the prevalence of IDA among Jordanian pregnant women is lower than the global average. A high-quality, diverse diet, combined with oral iron supplementation and food fortification with iron, will help improve iron status, prevent anemia, and reduce its prevalence.
摘要:
背景:缺铁性贫血(IDA)被认为是在怀孕期间观察到的最常见的医学疾病之一。在低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs),孕妇的贫血和微量营养素缺乏与动物产品的低消费有关,单调的淀粉饮食,蔬菜和水果的季节性消费。
方法:对198名年龄在19-45岁之间的孕妇进行了一项横断面研究,这些孕妇在约旦北部的产前护理诊所就诊,以记录IDA的患病率并描述饮食多样性之间的关联。饮食质量评分和口服铁补充剂与孕妇铁状态的关系。根据胎龄将参与者分为三组(每组66名妇女)。妊娠年龄,血液参数,最低膳食多样性评分(MDD-W),使用24小时饮食召回评估健康(PDQSHF)和不健康食品(PDQSUF)的主要饮食质量评分。
结果:孕妇中轻度至中度贫血的患病率为27.8%。妊娠晚期孕妇受影响最大。52.5%的铁储备耗尽(铁蛋白<15ng/ml),其中30.8%的人缺铁,21.7%有IDA。MDD-W的(M±SD),PDQSHF,PDQSUF分别为4.8±1.6、12.8±3.9和7.2±2.8。52.5%实现了MDD-W,68%的人每周食用<4份健康食品组,和50%消耗>4份/周的不健康食品组。MDD-W和PDQS较高的母亲Hb和血清浓度较高。那些服用铁补充剂的人有显著(p=0.001)更高的Hb平均值,血清铁蛋白,和妊娠期体重增加。PDQSHF之间也存在显著差异,PDQSUF和第一和第三三个月。
结论:轻度至中度IDA在孕妇中普遍存在,尤其是在妊娠晚期。然而,约旦孕妇中IDA的患病率低于全球平均水平。一个高质量的,多样化的饮食,结合口服铁补充剂和铁的食物强化,将有助于改善铁的状况,预防贫血,并降低其患病率。
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