PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Reward responses to food are thought to play an important role in highly palatable food overconsumption. In animal models, food reward responses can be decoupled into unique \"liking\" (in the moment enjoyment) and \"wanting\" (motivation/craving) components. However, research on liking and wanting has been hampered by uncertainty regarding whether liking and wanting can be reliably separated in humans. We used factor analysis to test whether ratings of liking and wanting could be empirically separated in women assessed across 49 consecutive days. Female participants (N = 688; ages 15-30) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry reported liking and wanting of foods consumed that day, and wanting of foods not consumed that day, separately for sweets (e.g., cookies), fast food (e.g., French fries), carbohydrates (e.g., bread), and whole foods (fruit, plain chicken) each evening for 49 consecutive days. We examined both average levels and daily levels of liking/wanting across the 49-day period that captured individual differences in liking/wanting over time. Across both types of analyses, liking and wanting for foods that were eaten formed a single factor rather than separate, dissociable factors, while wanting of foods not eaten formed an independent factor. At the daily level, a liking/wanting factor emerged for each individual food category (e.g., liking/wanting sweets), whereas in average analyses, a single factor emerged that collapsed across all food types (i.e., liking/wanting of all foods). Results suggest individuals have difficulty distinguishing between liking and wanting of foods they have eaten on that day but may be able to more reliably separate wanting of foods they have not consumed.
摘要：
对食物的奖励反应被认为在高度可口的食物过度消费中起着重要作用。在动物模型中,食物奖励响应可以解耦为独特的“喜欢”（在当下享受）和“想要”（动机/渴望）组件。然而,关于喜欢和想要的研究受到了关于喜欢和想要是否可以在人类中可靠分离的不确定性的阻碍。我们使用因子分析来测试是否可以在连续49天评估的女性中经验上区分喜欢和想要的等级。密歇根州立大学双胞胎登记处的女性参与者（N=688；年龄15-30岁）报告说，他们喜欢和想要当天食用的食物，想要当天没有食用的食物，分别用于甜食(例如，cookies),快餐(例如，薯条)，碳水化合物(例如，面包),和整个食物（水果，普通鸡肉)连续49天每天晚上。我们检查了49天期间的平均水平和每日喜欢/想要的水平，这些水平捕捉到了随着时间的推移喜欢/想要的个体差异。在这两种类型的分析中，喜欢和想要吃的食物形成了一个单一的因素，而不是单独的，可分离的因素，而想要不吃的食物形成了一个独立的因素。在日常水平上，每个食物类别都出现了一个喜欢/想要的因素(例如，喜欢/想要甜食），而在平均分析中，出现了一个在所有食物类型中崩溃的单一因素(即，喜欢/想要所有食物)。结果表明，个体很难区分他们当天吃过的食物的喜好和渴望，但可能能够更可靠地区分他们没有食用的食物。
