Abstract：
Metformin is a medication that is commonly prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes. It has been used for more than 60 years and is highly effective in lowering blood glucose levels. Recent studies indicate that metformin may have additional medical benefits beyond treating diabetes, revealing its potential therapeutic uses. Oral medication is commonly used to administer metformin because of its convenience and cost-effectiveness. However, there are challenges in optimizing its effectiveness. Gastrointestinal side effects and limitations in bioavailability have led to the underutilization of metformin. Innovative drug-delivery systems such as fast-dissolving tablets, micro/nanoparticle formulations, hydrogel and microneedles have been explored to optimize metformin therapy. These strategies enhance metformin dosage, targeting, bioavailability and stability, and provide personalized treatment options for improved glucose homeostasis, antiobesity and metabolic health benefits. Developing new delivery systems for metformin shows potential for improving therapeutic outcomes, broadening its applications beyond diabetes management and addressing unmet medical needs in various clinical settings. However, it is important to improve drug-delivery systems, addressing issues such as complexity, cost, biocompatibility, stability during storage and transportation, loading capacity, required technologies and biomaterials, targeting precision and regulatory approval. Addressing these limitations is crucial for effective, safe and accessible drug delivery in clinical practice. In this review, recent advances in the development and application of metformin-delivery systems for diabetes and obesity are discussed.
摘要：
二甲双胍是一种常用于治疗2型糖尿病的药物。它已经使用了60多年，并且在降低血糖水平方面非常有效。最近的研究表明，除了治疗糖尿病，二甲双胍可能还有额外的医疗益处。揭示其潜在的治疗用途。口服药物由于其便利性和成本效益而通常用于施用二甲双胍。然而,优化其有效性面临挑战。胃肠道副作用和生物利用度的限制导致二甲双胍的利用不足。创新的药物输送系统，如速溶片剂，微米/纳米颗粒配方，已经探索了水凝胶和微针来优化二甲双胍治疗。这些策略增加二甲双胍的剂量，瞄准,生物利用度和稳定性，并为改善葡萄糖稳态提供个性化的治疗选择，抗肥胖和代谢健康的好处。开发新的二甲双胍给药系统显示出改善治疗结果的潜力。将其应用范围扩大到糖尿病管理之外，并解决各种临床环境中未满足的医疗需求。然而,改善药物输送系统很重要，解决复杂性等问题，成本,生物相容性，储存和运输过程中的稳定性，装载能力,所需的技术和生物材料，瞄准精度和监管批准。解决这些限制对于有效，在临床实践中安全和方便的药物输送。在这次审查中,讨论了糖尿病和肥胖症二甲双胍给药系统的开发和应用的最新进展。
