PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The importance of including bioethics in the medical curricula has been recognized globally. Certain countries including Pakistan continue to lag behind although some developments have occurred recently.
OBJECTIVE: The research aimed to provide a snapshot of bioethics education in undergraduate medical colleges in Karachi, Pakistan. The secondary objectives included identifying factors promoting or inhibiting integration of bioethics into the curriculum.
METHODS: A two-pronged strategy was used to collect data including a website review of medical colleges, in existence for more than ten years, recognized by the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC), the regulating body for undergraduate medical education in Pakistan. The other arm employed in-depth interviews with medical educationists in colleges fulfilling inclusion criteria. Data from the website was analyzed and presented as frequencies. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis method which involved coding of transcripts, multiple readings and arriving at subthemes and themes iteratively.
RESULTS: Thirteen medical colleges were included for the website review, of which four were from public sector. Three medical colleges used the word \"ethics\" in their vision and mission statement and four had provided a detailed curriculum for ethics on their website. Thematic framework included four broad themes: 1) Need for Bioethics Education, 2) Current Status of Bioethics Education 3) Challenges in integration of bioethics in medical curriculum and 4) Recommendations for integration of bioethics in the Curriculum. Participants were in agreement that bioethics was important in development of future physicians. Participants identified various challenges, foremost being shortage of trained faculty, lack of institutional buy-in and overcrowded curriculum.
CONCLUSIONS: The study identified sporadic inclusion of bioethics in undergraduate medical curricula, left to the discretion of individual institutions. Since Karachi is a cosmopolitan city, the findings may reasonably reflect the situation in other parts of the country. While bioethics is recognized as an important field, it will continue to remain an orphan subject in the curricula unless the regulatory and accreditation bodies make it compulsory for institutions to include ethics in their curricula.
OBJECTIVE: The research aimed to provide a snapshot of bioethics education in undergraduate medical colleges in Karachi, Pakistan. The secondary objectives included identifying factors promoting or inhibiting integration of bioethics into the curriculum.
METHODS: A two-pronged strategy was used to collect data including a website review of medical colleges, in existence for more than ten years, recognized by the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC), the regulating body for undergraduate medical education in Pakistan. The other arm employed in-depth interviews with medical educationists in colleges fulfilling inclusion criteria. Data from the website was analyzed and presented as frequencies. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis method which involved coding of transcripts, multiple readings and arriving at subthemes and themes iteratively.
RESULTS: Thirteen medical colleges were included for the website review, of which four were from public sector. Three medical colleges used the word \"ethics\" in their vision and mission statement and four had provided a detailed curriculum for ethics on their website. Thematic framework included four broad themes: 1) Need for Bioethics Education, 2) Current Status of Bioethics Education 3) Challenges in integration of bioethics in medical curriculum and 4) Recommendations for integration of bioethics in the Curriculum. Participants were in agreement that bioethics was important in development of future physicians. Participants identified various challenges, foremost being shortage of trained faculty, lack of institutional buy-in and overcrowded curriculum.
CONCLUSIONS: The study identified sporadic inclusion of bioethics in undergraduate medical curricula, left to the discretion of individual institutions. Since Karachi is a cosmopolitan city, the findings may reasonably reflect the situation in other parts of the country. While bioethics is recognized as an important field, it will continue to remain an orphan subject in the curricula unless the regulatory and accreditation bodies make it compulsory for institutions to include ethics in their curricula.
摘要：
背景：在医学课程中纳入生物伦理学的重要性已得到全球认可。尽管最近出现了一些事态发展，但包括巴基斯坦在内的某些国家仍然落后。
目的：该研究旨在提供卡拉奇本科医学院生物伦理学教育的快照，巴基斯坦。次要目标包括确定促进或抑制生物伦理学融入课程的因素。
方法：使用双管齐下的策略来收集数据，包括对医学院的网站审查，存在了十多年，由巴基斯坦医学和牙科委员会（PMDC）认可，巴基斯坦本科医学教育监管机构。另一个部门对符合纳入标准的大学医学教育家进行了深入访谈。对来自网站的数据进行了分析，并以频率表示。使用内容分析法对定性数据进行分析，该方法涉及转录本的编码，多次阅读，并迭代地到达子主题和主题。
结果：网站审查包括13所医学院，其中四人来自公共部门。三所医学院在其愿景和使命宣言中使用了“道德”一词，其中四所在其网站上提供了详细的道德课程。主题框架包括四个广泛的主题：1）生物伦理学教育的需要，2）生物伦理学教育的现状3）在医学课程中整合生物伦理学的挑战和4）在课程中整合生物伦理学的建议。与会者一致认为，生物伦理学对未来医生的发展很重要。与会者指出了各种挑战，最重要的是缺乏训练有素的教师，缺乏机构买入和过度拥挤的课程。
结论：该研究发现，在本科医学课程中零星地纳入了生物伦理学，由个别机构自行决定。由于卡拉奇是一个国际大都市，调查结果可能合理地反映该国其他地区的情况。虽然生物伦理学被认为是一个重要的领域，除非监管和认证机构强制要求机构在其课程中纳入道德标准，否则它将继续成为课程中的孤儿科目。
目的：该研究旨在提供卡拉奇本科医学院生物伦理学教育的快照，巴基斯坦。次要目标包括确定促进或抑制生物伦理学融入课程的因素。
方法：使用双管齐下的策略来收集数据，包括对医学院的网站审查，存在了十多年，由巴基斯坦医学和牙科委员会（PMDC）认可，巴基斯坦本科医学教育监管机构。另一个部门对符合纳入标准的大学医学教育家进行了深入访谈。对来自网站的数据进行了分析，并以频率表示。使用内容分析法对定性数据进行分析，该方法涉及转录本的编码，多次阅读，并迭代地到达子主题和主题。
结果：网站审查包括13所医学院，其中四人来自公共部门。三所医学院在其愿景和使命宣言中使用了“道德”一词，其中四所在其网站上提供了详细的道德课程。主题框架包括四个广泛的主题：1）生物伦理学教育的需要，2）生物伦理学教育的现状3）在医学课程中整合生物伦理学的挑战和4）在课程中整合生物伦理学的建议。与会者一致认为，生物伦理学对未来医生的发展很重要。与会者指出了各种挑战，最重要的是缺乏训练有素的教师，缺乏机构买入和过度拥挤的课程。
结论：该研究发现，在本科医学课程中零星地纳入了生物伦理学，由个别机构自行决定。由于卡拉奇是一个国际大都市，调查结果可能合理地反映该国其他地区的情况。虽然生物伦理学被认为是一个重要的领域，除非监管和认证机构强制要求机构在其课程中纳入道德标准，否则它将继续成为课程中的孤儿科目。
