背景:监测医学生在本科学习期间的职业意向可以帮助解决医生短缺的问题,特别是在一般实践中。本研究旨在调查医学生职业开放性的变化,学士学位期间医疗职业选择的吸引力和决定因素。
方法:设计是横截面,招募所有在苏黎世四个不同教育轨道之一开始学士学位课程的医学生,瑞士,2019年秋季(第一次调查),2022年夏季完成(第二次调查)。使用结构化的在线问卷评估了学生对不同医疗职业选择的吸引力和决定因素的看法。两个时间点之间的绝对变化以总体百分比和教育轨道报告。回归分析用于检查学生特征和职业选择的决定因素与每种选择的吸引力之间的关联。
结果:我们在学士学位课程开始时调查了354名医学生,在结束时调查了433名医学生(参与率:71.1%和86.9%,分别)。总的来说,接受所有拟议医疗职业选择的学生比例下降(从52.8%降至43.8%,p=0.004)。门诊妇科或儿科的吸引力增加(从27.4%增加到43.4%,p<0.001),而普通和专科住院护理的吸引力下降(从47.8%下降到40.3%,p=0.05,从71.1%到61.1%,p分别=0.006)。认为兼职工作的学生比例有所增加,自主性和与患者的关系是重要的职业决定因素(从47.3%到64.7%,p<0.001;从63.3%到77.8%,p<0.001;从80.8%到89.3%,p=0.002),而声誉和职业机会的重要性下降(从42.6%下降到26.2%,p<0.001;从79.2%到63.6%,p分别<0.001)。兼职工作的重要性以及与患者的关系与全科医生的吸引力呈正相关。
结论:在学士学位课程期间,职业在一般实践中的吸引力趋于下降,但兼职工作的重要性,自主性和与患者的关系作为职业决定因素增加。帮助学生了解这些决定因素如何与一般实践相关,可能会增加他们对该行业的兴趣。
背景:不适用。
BACKGROUND: Monitoring the career intentions of medical students during their undergraduate studies could help to address the shortage of physicians, particularly in general practice. This study aimed to investigate changes in medical students\' career openness, attractiveness and determinants of medical career choice during their bachelor\'s studies.
METHODS: The design was cross-sectional, recruiting all medical students who started a bachelor\'s program in one of the four different educational tracks in Zurich, Switzerland, in the fall of 2019 (first survey) and completed it in the summer of 2022 (second survey). Students\' perceptions of the attractiveness and determinants of different medical career options were assessed using a structured online questionnaire. Absolute changes between the two-time points were reported in percentage points overall and by educational track. Regression analysis was used to examine the association of student characteristics and determinants of career options with the attractiveness of each option.
RESULTS: We surveyed 354 medical students at the beginning and 433 at the end of the bachelor\'s program (participation rate: 71.1% and 86.9%, respectively). Overall, the proportion of students open to all proposed medical career options decreased (from 52.8% to 43.8%, p = 0.004). The attractiveness of outpatient gynecology or pediatrics increased (from 27.4% to 43.4%, p < 0.001), whereas the attractiveness of both general and specialized inpatient care decreased (from 47.8% to 40.3%, p = 0.05 and from 71.1% to 61.1%, p = 0.006 respectively). There was an increase in the proportion of students who perceived part-time work, autonomy and relationships with patients as important career determinants (from 47.3% to 64.7%, p < 0.001; from 63.3% to 77.8%, p < 0.001; from 80.8% to 89.3%, p = 0.002 respectively), while the importance of reputation and career opportunities decreased (from 42.6% to 26.2%, p < 0.001; from 79.2% to 63.6%, p < 0.001 respectively). The importance of part-time work and relationships with patients were positively associated with the attractiveness of general practice.
CONCLUSIONS: During the bachelor\'s program, the attractiveness of a career in general practice tended to decrease, but the importance of part-time work, autonomy and relationships with patients as career determinants increased. Helping students understand how these determinants relate to general practice may increase their interest in the profession.
BACKGROUND: Not applicable.