PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Ingroup favoritism and intergroup discrimination can be mutually reinforcing during social interaction, threatening intergroup cooperation and the sustainability of societies. In two studies (N = 880), we investigated whether promoting prosocial outgroup altruism would weaken the ingroup favoritism cycle of influence. Using novel methods of human-agent interaction via a computer-mediated experimental platform, we introduced outgroup altruism by (i) nonadaptive artificial agents with preprogrammed outgroup altruistic behavior (Study 1; N = 400) and (ii) adaptive artificial agents whose altruistic behavior was informed by the prediction of a machine learning algorithm (Study 2; N = 480). A rating task ensured that the observed behavior did not result from the participant\'s awareness of the artificial agents. In Study 1, nonadaptive agents prompted ingroup members to withhold cooperation from ingroup agents and reinforced ingroup favoritism among humans. In Study 2, adaptive agents were able to weaken ingroup favoritism over time by maintaining a good reputation with both the ingroup and outgroup members, who perceived agents as being fairer than humans and rated agents as more human than humans. We conclude that a good reputation of the individual exhibiting outgroup altruism is necessary to weaken ingroup favoritism and improve intergroup cooperation. Thus, reputation is important for designing nudge agents.
摘要：
群体内的偏爱和群体间的歧视在社会互动中可以相辅相成，威胁到群体间合作和社会的可持续性。在两项研究中（N=880），我们调查了促进亲社会群体利他主义是否会削弱群体偏爱的影响周期。通过计算机介导的实验平台使用新的人与主体相互作用方法，我们通过(i)具有预编程的外群利他行为的非适应性人工代理(研究1;N=400)和(ii)通过机器学习算法的预测了解其利他行为的自适应人工代理(研究2;N=480)引入了外群利他主义.评级任务确保观察到的行为不是由于参与者对人工代理的意识而引起的。在研究1中，非适应性代理人促使小组成员拒绝与小组代理人合作，并加强了人类之间的小组偏爱。在研究2中，随着时间的推移，适应性代理人能够通过在群体内和群体外成员中保持良好的声誉来削弱群体内的偏爱，认为代理人比人类更公平，并认为代理人比人类更人性化。我们得出的结论是，表现出群体利他主义的个人的良好声誉对于削弱群体偏爱和改善群体间合作是必要的。因此，声誉对于设计微推代理很重要。
